NURS 250 Exam 2 – Questions With Solutions
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Terms in this set (181)
Potassium ranges 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Potassium - Major cation in ICF
- Cellular metabolism
- Transmission of nerve impulses
- Function of cardiac muscle and lung disease
Hypokalemia risk factors - Diuretics
- Excessive use of laxatives
- N/V
- Dietary deficiency
Hypokalemia manifestations - Muscle weakness
- PVS'c
- Constipation
- Mental confusion
Hypokalemia Interventions/Tx - Foods high in K+
- Oral/IV replacement
- Monitor RR
- Monitor urine output
Hyperkalemia risk factors - Excessive K+ intake
- Renal failure
- Monitor some cardiac meds
Hyperkalemia manifestations - Slow, irregular pulse
- Hypotension
- Irritability
- Confusion
,Hyperkalemia interventions/Tx - Monitor ECG
- Decrease K+ intake
- Administer Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate
- Monitor bowel sounds
Sodium ranges 136-145 mEq/l
Sodium - Found in ECF
- Maintenance of acid-base balance
- Conduction of nerve and muscle tissue
Hyponatremia risk factors - Excessive GI and skin losses
- Decreased ECF volume
Hyponatremia manifestations - Tachycardia
- Rapid, thready pulse
- Confusion
- Muscle weakness
Hyponatremia interventions/Tx - Foods high in sodium
- Oral/IV replacement
- Monitor RR
Hypernatremia risk factors - Heat stroke
- Excessive Na retention and intake
Hypernatremia manifestations - Muscle weakness
- Seizures
- Tachycardia
- Decreased LOC
Hypernatremia interventions/Tx - Monitor LOC
- Maintain prescribed diet (Low Na, no salt)
- Monitor I&O
Calcium ranges 90-105 mEq/L
, Calcium - Essential for the proper functioning of the
cardiovascular system
- Related to blood clotting and teeth formation
Hypocalcemia risk factors - Chronic diarrhea
- Laxative misuse
- Vitamin D deficiency
Hypocalcemia manifestation - Muscle spasms
- Numbness & tingling
- Weak, thready pulse
Hypocalcemia interventions/Tx - Administer oral/IV Ca & vitamin D supplements
- Seizure precautions
- Foods high in Ca
Hypercalcemia risk factors - Long-term use of steroids
- Hyperthyroidism
Hypercalcemia manifestations - Decreased reflexes
- Bone pain
- N/V
- Confusion
- Constipation
Hypercalcemia interventions/Tx - Restricting Ca & increasing fluid intake
- Monitor for pathologic fractures
Magnesium ranges 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Magnesium - Mostly found in the bones
- Very small amount in ECF
Hypomagnesemia risk factors - Malnutrition
- Laxative misuse
- Alcohol use disorder
Save
Terms in this set (181)
Potassium ranges 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Potassium - Major cation in ICF
- Cellular metabolism
- Transmission of nerve impulses
- Function of cardiac muscle and lung disease
Hypokalemia risk factors - Diuretics
- Excessive use of laxatives
- N/V
- Dietary deficiency
Hypokalemia manifestations - Muscle weakness
- PVS'c
- Constipation
- Mental confusion
Hypokalemia Interventions/Tx - Foods high in K+
- Oral/IV replacement
- Monitor RR
- Monitor urine output
Hyperkalemia risk factors - Excessive K+ intake
- Renal failure
- Monitor some cardiac meds
Hyperkalemia manifestations - Slow, irregular pulse
- Hypotension
- Irritability
- Confusion
,Hyperkalemia interventions/Tx - Monitor ECG
- Decrease K+ intake
- Administer Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate
- Monitor bowel sounds
Sodium ranges 136-145 mEq/l
Sodium - Found in ECF
- Maintenance of acid-base balance
- Conduction of nerve and muscle tissue
Hyponatremia risk factors - Excessive GI and skin losses
- Decreased ECF volume
Hyponatremia manifestations - Tachycardia
- Rapid, thready pulse
- Confusion
- Muscle weakness
Hyponatremia interventions/Tx - Foods high in sodium
- Oral/IV replacement
- Monitor RR
Hypernatremia risk factors - Heat stroke
- Excessive Na retention and intake
Hypernatremia manifestations - Muscle weakness
- Seizures
- Tachycardia
- Decreased LOC
Hypernatremia interventions/Tx - Monitor LOC
- Maintain prescribed diet (Low Na, no salt)
- Monitor I&O
Calcium ranges 90-105 mEq/L
, Calcium - Essential for the proper functioning of the
cardiovascular system
- Related to blood clotting and teeth formation
Hypocalcemia risk factors - Chronic diarrhea
- Laxative misuse
- Vitamin D deficiency
Hypocalcemia manifestation - Muscle spasms
- Numbness & tingling
- Weak, thready pulse
Hypocalcemia interventions/Tx - Administer oral/IV Ca & vitamin D supplements
- Seizure precautions
- Foods high in Ca
Hypercalcemia risk factors - Long-term use of steroids
- Hyperthyroidism
Hypercalcemia manifestations - Decreased reflexes
- Bone pain
- N/V
- Confusion
- Constipation
Hypercalcemia interventions/Tx - Restricting Ca & increasing fluid intake
- Monitor for pathologic fractures
Magnesium ranges 1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Magnesium - Mostly found in the bones
- Very small amount in ECF
Hypomagnesemia risk factors - Malnutrition
- Laxative misuse
- Alcohol use disorder
