Nurs 250 Exam 2 – Questions With Expert Solutions
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Terms in this set (214)
What is nutrition? The science of how the body uses nutrients for
energy, growth, and maintenance.
Why is nutrition important in nursing 60% of the U.S. population suffers from chronic
care? conditions related to unhealthy dietary practices.
What is cellular respiration? The process of chemically breaking down energy-
rich nutrients to provide ATP, which fuels all cellular
functions.
What is Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)? The speed at which the body burns calories at rest,
influenced by age, sex, activity level, genetics, and
overall fitness.
How many calories do carbohydrates 4 calories per gram.
and proteins provide per gram?
How many calories do fats provide 9 calories per gram.
per gram?
What is metabolic homeostasis? Occurs when caloric intake matches physiological
demand.
What happens in a caloric surplus? Excess energy is stored as fat, leading to weight gain.
What happens in a caloric deficit? The body turns to stores in the following order: Liver
Glycogen, Fat cells (lipids), Proteins (muscle/tissue).
What are macronutrients? Nutrients required in large quantities, including
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
,What percentage of the diet should 45-65% of the diet.
carbohydrates comprise?
What are the two types of Simple (sugars) for quick energy release and
carbohydrates? complex (starches/fiber) for sustained energy and
digestion.
What percentage of the diet should 10-35% of the diet.
proteins comprise?
What are essential amino acids? Amino acids that must be consumed as the body
cannot produce them.
What percentage of the diet should 20-35% of the diet.
fats comprise?
What are healthy fats? Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats found in
foods like nuts, fish, and olive oil.
What are bad fats? Saturated and trans fats, which are linked to
cardiovascular disease.
What is the recommended daily water Approximately 2.5 to 3.7 liters, depending on sex.
intake?
What are vitamins? Vital nutrients for biochemical regulation,
categorized into water-soluble and fat-soluble.
What are water-soluble vitamins? Vitamins such as C and B-complex that are not
stored and must be consumed daily.
What are fat-soluble vitamins? Vitamins A, D, E, and K that are stored in the liver and
fat and can be toxic in high doses.
What are macrominerals? Minerals required in larger amounts, such as sodium,
potassium, and calcium.
, What are trace minerals? Minerals required in small amounts, such as iron, zinc,
and iodine.
What is the purpose of a nutritional To evaluate dietary patterns, socioeconomic factors,
assessment? and clinical cues.
What is BMI? Body Mass Index, a measure of body fat based on
height and weight.
What are the BMI categories? Underweight: <18.5, Healthy: 18.5-24.9, Overweight:
25.0-29.9, Obese: 30.0+.
What does albumin indicate? A marker for long-term protein status.
What does prealbumin reflect? Protein intake over the previous few weeks; used to
monitor parenteral nutrition effectiveness.
What does low hemoglobin indicate? Anemia, often due to iron or B12 deficiency.
What is the DASH diet designed for? To stop hypertension by promoting low sodium and
high fruits/veggies.
What is the focus of a renal diet? To protect kidneys by limiting protein, sodium,
potassium, and phosphorus.
What is the goal of a consistent carb To achieve glycemic control by spreading carbs
diet? evenly throughout the day.
What is the purpose of a heart-healthy To reduce cardiovascular risk by limiting saturated
diet? and avoiding trans fats.
What is the focus of a high-protein To aid healing for burns and wounds with foods like
diet? egg whites, fish, and legumes.
What is aspiration? Fluid or food entering the lungs, a critical
complication for patients with dysphagia.
Save
Terms in this set (214)
What is nutrition? The science of how the body uses nutrients for
energy, growth, and maintenance.
Why is nutrition important in nursing 60% of the U.S. population suffers from chronic
care? conditions related to unhealthy dietary practices.
What is cellular respiration? The process of chemically breaking down energy-
rich nutrients to provide ATP, which fuels all cellular
functions.
What is Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)? The speed at which the body burns calories at rest,
influenced by age, sex, activity level, genetics, and
overall fitness.
How many calories do carbohydrates 4 calories per gram.
and proteins provide per gram?
How many calories do fats provide 9 calories per gram.
per gram?
What is metabolic homeostasis? Occurs when caloric intake matches physiological
demand.
What happens in a caloric surplus? Excess energy is stored as fat, leading to weight gain.
What happens in a caloric deficit? The body turns to stores in the following order: Liver
Glycogen, Fat cells (lipids), Proteins (muscle/tissue).
What are macronutrients? Nutrients required in large quantities, including
carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
,What percentage of the diet should 45-65% of the diet.
carbohydrates comprise?
What are the two types of Simple (sugars) for quick energy release and
carbohydrates? complex (starches/fiber) for sustained energy and
digestion.
What percentage of the diet should 10-35% of the diet.
proteins comprise?
What are essential amino acids? Amino acids that must be consumed as the body
cannot produce them.
What percentage of the diet should 20-35% of the diet.
fats comprise?
What are healthy fats? Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats found in
foods like nuts, fish, and olive oil.
What are bad fats? Saturated and trans fats, which are linked to
cardiovascular disease.
What is the recommended daily water Approximately 2.5 to 3.7 liters, depending on sex.
intake?
What are vitamins? Vital nutrients for biochemical regulation,
categorized into water-soluble and fat-soluble.
What are water-soluble vitamins? Vitamins such as C and B-complex that are not
stored and must be consumed daily.
What are fat-soluble vitamins? Vitamins A, D, E, and K that are stored in the liver and
fat and can be toxic in high doses.
What are macrominerals? Minerals required in larger amounts, such as sodium,
potassium, and calcium.
, What are trace minerals? Minerals required in small amounts, such as iron, zinc,
and iodine.
What is the purpose of a nutritional To evaluate dietary patterns, socioeconomic factors,
assessment? and clinical cues.
What is BMI? Body Mass Index, a measure of body fat based on
height and weight.
What are the BMI categories? Underweight: <18.5, Healthy: 18.5-24.9, Overweight:
25.0-29.9, Obese: 30.0+.
What does albumin indicate? A marker for long-term protein status.
What does prealbumin reflect? Protein intake over the previous few weeks; used to
monitor parenteral nutrition effectiveness.
What does low hemoglobin indicate? Anemia, often due to iron or B12 deficiency.
What is the DASH diet designed for? To stop hypertension by promoting low sodium and
high fruits/veggies.
What is the focus of a renal diet? To protect kidneys by limiting protein, sodium,
potassium, and phosphorus.
What is the goal of a consistent carb To achieve glycemic control by spreading carbs
diet? evenly throughout the day.
What is the purpose of a heart-healthy To reduce cardiovascular risk by limiting saturated
diet? and avoiding trans fats.
What is the focus of a high-protein To aid healing for burns and wounds with foods like
diet? egg whites, fish, and legumes.
What is aspiration? Fluid or food entering the lungs, a critical
complication for patients with dysphagia.
