Essentials of Geology
Chapter 1 Introduction Study
Guide Questions and
Answers
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1.1 Geology
Geo (Earth) + Logos (discourse) understanding Earth as a dynamic body with many interacting parts and complex
history
1.1 Physical geology
examines the materials and seeks to understand the many processes that operate beneath and upon its surface.
1.1 Historical geology
Seeks to understand the origin of Earth and its development through time. It strives to estb a chronological
arrangement of the multitude of physical and biological changes that have occurred in the geological past.
1.1 What are some of the important hazards?
Among the natural hazards in the Earth's processes geologists study are volcanoes (Mt Rainier), lahars (Orting), floods
(Auburn valley), earthquakes (Sumatra), tsunamis (Japan), and landslides (Oso & Puget Sound), global climate change.
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1.1 What are some of the important resources?
Geologists are interested in practical resources like water, soil, minerals, metals, nonmetals, and energy that have
practical value for people.
1.1 Geological processes - 2way street with people and Environment
Geological processes or natural hazards impact people who chose to live in these known areas. In turn, humans can
impact or change some of these processes and cause risk to humans and the environment (e.g., cutting down forests
may contribute to climate change and cause more flooding or landslides).
1.2 Aristotle
Did not use keen observations to explain the natural world of his time. He arbitrarily stated that rocks were created
under the "influence" of the stars. Volcanoes were created from heated central fires and escape explosively
1.2 Catastrophism
Mid-1600s James Usher, Anglican Archbishop, published major works that tied the creation of Earth to the bible.
Catastrophists believed that Earth's landscapes were shaped primarily by great catastrophes.
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