SOCIOLOGY 1301 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Who coined the term Sociology - Answers -Auguste Comte. Founding father of
sociology
What do Durkheim, Marx, and Webster have in common? - Answers -Their collective
interest in explaining the ever present misery lurking within modern society
What are the steps in the research process - Answers -1. observation
2. hypothesis testing
3 analysis of data
4 generalization
What is the Hawthorne effect - Answers -An effect first discovered while observing work
groups. The work groups increased their productivity as soon as they knew they were
being watched. (work harder when watched)
People who deviate from the binary system of gender are refered to as? - Answers -
transgendered
What is miscegenation - Answers -The mixing of different racial groups through
marriage, cohabitation, sexual relations.
Arlie Hoschild's study of the effect of speed up of families. - Answers -Created the
second shift theory. When a mother comes home after a long day at work she comes
home to her "second shift" of mother chores= role conflict
Symbolic interactionism - Answers -most likely to focus on communication between
husband and wife
What is conflict theory? - Answers -A theoretical perspective that emphasizes the role
of power and coercion in producing social order.
What are norms? - Answers -Specific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given
situation.
What are the two types of norms stated by William Summer - Answers -Folkways-
general standards of behavior adhered to by a group
Mores- strict norms that control moral and ethical behavior
What is the strictest form of norms - Answers -Taboos
What is role? - Answers -Expected behavior associated with a given status in society
,What is a primary group? - Answers -Groups consisting of intimate, face to face
interaction and relatively long lasting relationships
Who introduced primary groups? - Answers -Charles Horton Cooley
What is participant observation? - Answers -sociological research technique in which
the researcher becomes both the participant and the observer of what he or she
studies.
What is the looking glass self? - Answers -explains how a person conception of self
arises through considering our relationship to others
What is the purpose of a deterrent? - Answers -For criminals to not want to repeat a
crime.
What is differential association? - Answers -Interprets deviance including criminal
behavior, as behavior one learns through interactions with others.
What theory is differential association associated with? - Answers -Symbolic interaction
theory
What is institutional racism? - Answers -Form of racism where the negative treatment
and oppression of one racial of ethnic group by society's existing institutions based on
the presume inferiority of the oppressed group
How does Durkheim view institutional racism? - Answers -Racism exists at the social
structure level rather than the individual level
What is ethnicity? - Answers -group of people that share a certain culture
What is discrimination? - Answers -Overt negative and unequal treatment of the
members of some social group or stratum solely because of their membership in that
group or stratum.
What is the difference between ascribed status and achieved status - Answers -
Achieved is those qualities attained by virtue or individual effort.
Ascribed is when you are born with that quality.
What are the tools of sociologists? - Answers -1. Observation
2. Reasoning
3. Logical analysis
What is sociology? - Answers -The study of human behavior in society.
, What is debunking? - Answers -Looking behind everyday life, look for "behind the
scene" patterns and behaviors that shape what they observe in the social world.
The writer of Sociological Imagination was? - Answers -C. Wright Mills
Jean Piagets work is associated with what theory? - Answers -Transformed early social
learning theory from a mechanical perspective to a more dynamic interpretation
What are the stages of Piagets cognitive development theory? - Answers -1.
Sensorimotor stage
2. Preoperational stage
3. Concrete operational stage
4.Formal operational stage
What is social stratification? - Answers -System of structured social inequality
Who are the nouveau riche? - Answers -Upper class with newly acquired rich
Which country has the greater sharing of domestic responsibility? - Answers -China
What are the three R's in education? - Answers --Reading
-Writing
-Arithmetic
What is monotheism? - Answers -Belief in one god (Christianity, Jewish)
What is polytheism? - Answers -Belief in many gods (hinduism)
What is the largest religion in the world? - Answers -Christianity
What are cults? - Answers -A religious group devoted to a specific cause of charismatic
leader
What is social deviance? - Answers -Deviance is behavior that violates expected rules
and norms.
What is formal deviance? - Answers -Behavior that breaks laws or official rules (crimes)
What are the formal sanctions against formal deviance? - Answers -Imprisonment and
fines
Anorexia is most likely to affect what group? - Answers -Young white women from well
to do families
What percentage of Americans say religion can solve all or most of society's problems -
Answers -2/3%
ANSWERS
Who coined the term Sociology - Answers -Auguste Comte. Founding father of
sociology
What do Durkheim, Marx, and Webster have in common? - Answers -Their collective
interest in explaining the ever present misery lurking within modern society
What are the steps in the research process - Answers -1. observation
2. hypothesis testing
3 analysis of data
4 generalization
What is the Hawthorne effect - Answers -An effect first discovered while observing work
groups. The work groups increased their productivity as soon as they knew they were
being watched. (work harder when watched)
People who deviate from the binary system of gender are refered to as? - Answers -
transgendered
What is miscegenation - Answers -The mixing of different racial groups through
marriage, cohabitation, sexual relations.
Arlie Hoschild's study of the effect of speed up of families. - Answers -Created the
second shift theory. When a mother comes home after a long day at work she comes
home to her "second shift" of mother chores= role conflict
Symbolic interactionism - Answers -most likely to focus on communication between
husband and wife
What is conflict theory? - Answers -A theoretical perspective that emphasizes the role
of power and coercion in producing social order.
What are norms? - Answers -Specific cultural expectations for how to behave in a given
situation.
What are the two types of norms stated by William Summer - Answers -Folkways-
general standards of behavior adhered to by a group
Mores- strict norms that control moral and ethical behavior
What is the strictest form of norms - Answers -Taboos
What is role? - Answers -Expected behavior associated with a given status in society
,What is a primary group? - Answers -Groups consisting of intimate, face to face
interaction and relatively long lasting relationships
Who introduced primary groups? - Answers -Charles Horton Cooley
What is participant observation? - Answers -sociological research technique in which
the researcher becomes both the participant and the observer of what he or she
studies.
What is the looking glass self? - Answers -explains how a person conception of self
arises through considering our relationship to others
What is the purpose of a deterrent? - Answers -For criminals to not want to repeat a
crime.
What is differential association? - Answers -Interprets deviance including criminal
behavior, as behavior one learns through interactions with others.
What theory is differential association associated with? - Answers -Symbolic interaction
theory
What is institutional racism? - Answers -Form of racism where the negative treatment
and oppression of one racial of ethnic group by society's existing institutions based on
the presume inferiority of the oppressed group
How does Durkheim view institutional racism? - Answers -Racism exists at the social
structure level rather than the individual level
What is ethnicity? - Answers -group of people that share a certain culture
What is discrimination? - Answers -Overt negative and unequal treatment of the
members of some social group or stratum solely because of their membership in that
group or stratum.
What is the difference between ascribed status and achieved status - Answers -
Achieved is those qualities attained by virtue or individual effort.
Ascribed is when you are born with that quality.
What are the tools of sociologists? - Answers -1. Observation
2. Reasoning
3. Logical analysis
What is sociology? - Answers -The study of human behavior in society.
, What is debunking? - Answers -Looking behind everyday life, look for "behind the
scene" patterns and behaviors that shape what they observe in the social world.
The writer of Sociological Imagination was? - Answers -C. Wright Mills
Jean Piagets work is associated with what theory? - Answers -Transformed early social
learning theory from a mechanical perspective to a more dynamic interpretation
What are the stages of Piagets cognitive development theory? - Answers -1.
Sensorimotor stage
2. Preoperational stage
3. Concrete operational stage
4.Formal operational stage
What is social stratification? - Answers -System of structured social inequality
Who are the nouveau riche? - Answers -Upper class with newly acquired rich
Which country has the greater sharing of domestic responsibility? - Answers -China
What are the three R's in education? - Answers --Reading
-Writing
-Arithmetic
What is monotheism? - Answers -Belief in one god (Christianity, Jewish)
What is polytheism? - Answers -Belief in many gods (hinduism)
What is the largest religion in the world? - Answers -Christianity
What are cults? - Answers -A religious group devoted to a specific cause of charismatic
leader
What is social deviance? - Answers -Deviance is behavior that violates expected rules
and norms.
What is formal deviance? - Answers -Behavior that breaks laws or official rules (crimes)
What are the formal sanctions against formal deviance? - Answers -Imprisonment and
fines
Anorexia is most likely to affect what group? - Answers -Young white women from well
to do families
What percentage of Americans say religion can solve all or most of society's problems -
Answers -2/3%
