SOCIOLOGY 1301 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE
Culture - Answers -things we share with a group of people in society, it is learned and it
influences everything we do and believe; does NOT mean country
2 elements of culture - Answers -Material culture
Nonmaterial culture
Material Culture - Answers -the tangible elements of a culture; the objects
Nonmaterial culture - Answers -the intangible elements of a culture
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - Answers -we all live in distinct, somewhat narrowed, worlds
due to the language of our cultures; this is because when translated, language loses or
changes meanings
Ways of Viewing/Elevating Other Cultures - Answers -Ethnocentricism
Cultural Relativisim
Xenocentrisim
Ethnocentricism - Answers -you evaluate another culture by using the elements of your
culture as a benchmark, so the other culture doesn't seem as good as your own
Your culture is what you know
Cultural pride - positive
Narrow minded view: prejudice and discrimination
Cultural Relativisim - Answers -you elevate another culture by attempting to learn
about, and understand the elements of that culture
Xenocentrisim - Answers -you evaluate another culture and decide that some elements
of that culture are superior to those of your own
Diminish pride of own culture
Improve own culture
Immigration is proof
Norms - Answers -social rules of expectations of behavior
Folkways - Answers -little moral significance/consequence
Connected to informal norms
People get morally outraged
Everyday norms
Mores - Answers -strong moral significance/consequence
Connected to formal norms
, People get morally outraged
Rape, murder, cannibalism, etc.
Informal norms - Answers -not written, unwritten
Formal norms - Answers -written norms (laws, procedures)
Sanctions - Answers -rewards for following a norm or punishments for violating a norm
Formal sanctions - Answers -Positive - certificate, a raise
Negative - citation, less hours at work
Informal sanctions - Answers -Positive - "good job", candy
Negative - frowning, yelling
Cultural shock - Answers -a feeling of disorientation that you experience when you first
encounter a culture very different from your own
Subcultures/countercultures - Answers -groups that are distinct in some way from the
larger, more dominate culture
Subcultures - Answers -members also share in, or are part of, the larger culture
Professionals (dentists), truckers
Argot
Argot - Answers -jargon; different use of the language
Countercultures - Answers -members go against the larger culture
Communists, White supremist
Cultural lag - Answers -there is a change in the material culture but there is a period of
time, or lag, before there are corresponding changes in the nonmaterial culture
Cultural diffusion - Answers -elements from one culture are introduced to another
culture; they then become part of the second culture
2 reasons for cultural diffusion - Answers -Global telecommunications (tv and internet)
Global corporations (products and presence, McDonalds)
Cultural hegemony - Answers -control of the culture by elites
Traditionally by governments (dictatorships etc.)
70% of media owned by 12 large corporations
Global corporate media
Socialization - Answers -the lifelong process of learning through interaction with other
humans
Culture - Answers -things we share with a group of people in society, it is learned and it
influences everything we do and believe; does NOT mean country
2 elements of culture - Answers -Material culture
Nonmaterial culture
Material Culture - Answers -the tangible elements of a culture; the objects
Nonmaterial culture - Answers -the intangible elements of a culture
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis - Answers -we all live in distinct, somewhat narrowed, worlds
due to the language of our cultures; this is because when translated, language loses or
changes meanings
Ways of Viewing/Elevating Other Cultures - Answers -Ethnocentricism
Cultural Relativisim
Xenocentrisim
Ethnocentricism - Answers -you evaluate another culture by using the elements of your
culture as a benchmark, so the other culture doesn't seem as good as your own
Your culture is what you know
Cultural pride - positive
Narrow minded view: prejudice and discrimination
Cultural Relativisim - Answers -you elevate another culture by attempting to learn
about, and understand the elements of that culture
Xenocentrisim - Answers -you evaluate another culture and decide that some elements
of that culture are superior to those of your own
Diminish pride of own culture
Improve own culture
Immigration is proof
Norms - Answers -social rules of expectations of behavior
Folkways - Answers -little moral significance/consequence
Connected to informal norms
People get morally outraged
Everyday norms
Mores - Answers -strong moral significance/consequence
Connected to formal norms
, People get morally outraged
Rape, murder, cannibalism, etc.
Informal norms - Answers -not written, unwritten
Formal norms - Answers -written norms (laws, procedures)
Sanctions - Answers -rewards for following a norm or punishments for violating a norm
Formal sanctions - Answers -Positive - certificate, a raise
Negative - citation, less hours at work
Informal sanctions - Answers -Positive - "good job", candy
Negative - frowning, yelling
Cultural shock - Answers -a feeling of disorientation that you experience when you first
encounter a culture very different from your own
Subcultures/countercultures - Answers -groups that are distinct in some way from the
larger, more dominate culture
Subcultures - Answers -members also share in, or are part of, the larger culture
Professionals (dentists), truckers
Argot
Argot - Answers -jargon; different use of the language
Countercultures - Answers -members go against the larger culture
Communists, White supremist
Cultural lag - Answers -there is a change in the material culture but there is a period of
time, or lag, before there are corresponding changes in the nonmaterial culture
Cultural diffusion - Answers -elements from one culture are introduced to another
culture; they then become part of the second culture
2 reasons for cultural diffusion - Answers -Global telecommunications (tv and internet)
Global corporations (products and presence, McDonalds)
Cultural hegemony - Answers -control of the culture by elites
Traditionally by governments (dictatorships etc.)
70% of media owned by 12 large corporations
Global corporate media
Socialization - Answers -the lifelong process of learning through interaction with other
humans
