NEUROBIOLOGY 5357 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the three major hypotheses of psychosis and their neurotransmitter networks? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Dopamine theory - hyperactive dopamine at D2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway
Glutamate theory - NMDA receptor hypofunction
Serotonin theory - 5HT2A receptor hyperfunction in the cortex
Briefly explain the dopamine hypothesis of the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia consists of:
There is too much dopamine activity in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, which leads to positive
symptoms (such as hallucinations and delusions).
There is also too little dopamine activity in the mesocortical dopamine pathway, which leads to negative
symptoms (such as blunting of affect, poverty of speech, anhedonia, and so on).
What pathway is responsible for regulating dopamine in the hypothalamus and affects the release of
prolactin? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Tuberoinfundibular pathway
Drug-induced Parkinson's is caused by a decrease of dopamine in what pathway? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Nigrostriatal pathway
Brodmann's areas are differentiated by the: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cellular architecture
All of the following are true about the hippocampus except that it: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Is disrupted
by frontal lobotomy
Which of the following statements is true about the cerebellum: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Has been
implicated in autism.
Cytokines are involved with all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅identifying T. pallidum
Which of the following is a possible explanation for schizophrenia: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Excessive
pruning
, Possible explanations for the role of thyroid hormone in mood disorders include all of the following
except: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Changes in GR's
All of the following are plausible theories on the etiology of schizophrenia except? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Dopamine hypothesis
Auditory hallucinations have been shown to activate which region on fMRI? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Superior temporal lobe
All of the following suggest white matter impairment in schizophrenia except? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Significantly reduced white matter volume
Evidence that GABA interneurons are impaired in schizophrenia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Reduced
GAD67
All of the following support the reduced neuropil hypothesis except? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅oligodendrocyte dysfunction
Evidence that schizophrenia is a biological disorder includes all of the following except? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Gliosis in the prefrontal cortex
Neurodevelopmental causes that could explain schizophrenia include excessive amounts of all of the
following except: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Myelination
The NP's discuss a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia. The PMHNP knows that which of the following
groups of symptoms is most likely to be categorized as "negative symptoms" of schizophrenia? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Blunted affect, poor rapport, lack of spontaneity
There is a genetic contribution to some, perhaps all, forms of schizophrenia. In the case of monozygotic
twins who have identical genetic makeup, there is an approximately 50 percent chance for them to
develop schizophrenia. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅True
What are the three major hypotheses of psychosis and their neurotransmitter networks? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Dopamine theory - hyperactive dopamine at D2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway
Glutamate theory - NMDA receptor hypofunction
Serotonin theory - 5HT2A receptor hyperfunction in the cortex
Briefly explain the dopamine hypothesis of the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia consists of:
There is too much dopamine activity in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, which leads to positive
symptoms (such as hallucinations and delusions).
There is also too little dopamine activity in the mesocortical dopamine pathway, which leads to negative
symptoms (such as blunting of affect, poverty of speech, anhedonia, and so on).
What pathway is responsible for regulating dopamine in the hypothalamus and affects the release of
prolactin? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Tuberoinfundibular pathway
Drug-induced Parkinson's is caused by a decrease of dopamine in what pathway? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Nigrostriatal pathway
Brodmann's areas are differentiated by the: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cellular architecture
All of the following are true about the hippocampus except that it: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Is disrupted
by frontal lobotomy
Which of the following statements is true about the cerebellum: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Has been
implicated in autism.
Cytokines are involved with all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅identifying T. pallidum
Which of the following is a possible explanation for schizophrenia: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Excessive
pruning
, Possible explanations for the role of thyroid hormone in mood disorders include all of the following
except: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Changes in GR's
All of the following are plausible theories on the etiology of schizophrenia except? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Dopamine hypothesis
Auditory hallucinations have been shown to activate which region on fMRI? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Superior temporal lobe
All of the following suggest white matter impairment in schizophrenia except? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Significantly reduced white matter volume
Evidence that GABA interneurons are impaired in schizophrenia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Reduced
GAD67
All of the following support the reduced neuropil hypothesis except? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅oligodendrocyte dysfunction
Evidence that schizophrenia is a biological disorder includes all of the following except? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Gliosis in the prefrontal cortex
Neurodevelopmental causes that could explain schizophrenia include excessive amounts of all of the
following except: - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Myelination
The NP's discuss a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia. The PMHNP knows that which of the following
groups of symptoms is most likely to be categorized as "negative symptoms" of schizophrenia? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Blunted affect, poor rapport, lack of spontaneity
There is a genetic contribution to some, perhaps all, forms of schizophrenia. In the case of monozygotic
twins who have identical genetic makeup, there is an approximately 50 percent chance for them to
develop schizophrenia. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅True
