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Class notes Accountancy

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“Comprehensive Accounting and Business notes designed for undergraduate students, MBA aspirants, and beginners. This detailed document covers all major topics including Financial Accounting, Management, Budgeting, Taxation, Audit, Cost Accounting, Corporate Finance, Business Strategy, and Profit & Loss analysis. Each topic includes step-by-step explanations, examples, practical exercises, key definitions, and formulas to help students understand complex concepts easily These notes are perfect for exam preparation, assignment help, and quick revision. Special focus is given on practical applications and real-life scenarios to improve understanding of business operations, financial statements, and managerial decision-making. Optimized with keywords such as Accounting, Business, Finance, Management, Budgeting, Taxation, Audit, Profit, Loss, Investment, Revenue, Expenses, Cash Flow, Assets, Liabilities, Equity, Corporate Finance, and Business Strategy, ensuring high visibility on Stuvia search and Google search. Save time and boost your learning with this well-organized, easy-to-read, and detailed study material.

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Introduction to accounting fundamentals Most easy way to learn
accounting



Basic Class notes for i.com students



1.Definition



Accounting is an art of systematic recording
summarizing,reporting,analyzing and maintaining the financial
transactions of business. The entire method of handling business financial
records is called accounting.



2.Accounting equation



Assets + Liabilities = owner's equity




3.Debit and Credit rules



Every transaction of entries have double effect.



Debit : left side of account in general ledger



Credit: right side of account in general ledger




4.Five head of accounts



Whole accounting basic to advance level based on these five important
accounts

, 1.Asset



2.Expense



3.Liability



4.Income



5.Owner's equity



Assets definition



Resources owned by a business those can be useful to earn money or
benefit in future



Example : cash,inventory,equipments




Expensive



Cost incurred in the process of earning income during the specified period
in business.



Example : salaries,utilities,advertisements




Liability definition



Money or obligations of business to give other party in future

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Uploaded on
March 14, 2026
Number of pages
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Written in
2025/2026
Type
Class notes
Professor(s)
Shakeel
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All classes

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