NSG 3850 Exam 3
(Fully Updated 2026) Exam Questions + Verified &
55+
Rationalized Answers | A+ Graded
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1
Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause
a. hyperlipidemia
b. proteinuria
c. hematuria
d. generalized edema
Correct Answer
C
Rationale:
Nephrotic syndrome typically results from severe damage to the glomeruli, the blood vessels in the kidneys that filter waste and excess fluids
from the blood. In this case, "a. hyperlipidemia" is the correct choice because nephrotic syndrome is characterized by the excessive loss of
lipids in the urine, which can lead to elevated levels of lipids in the blood, known as hyperlipidemia.
Question 2
A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience
a. fever
b. oliguria
c. edema
d. hypertension
Correct Answer
A
Rationale:
Acute pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney caused by bacteria, leading to an inflammatory response that typically results in fever as the
body attempts to fight off the infection. This fever is a common symptom in cases of acute pyelonephritis due to the body's immune response.
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,Question 3
The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is
a. streptococcus
b. Escherichia coli
c. Klebsiella
d. Enterobacter
Correct Answer
B
Rationale:
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the primary causative agent of acute pyelonephritis due to its ability to adhere to and colonize the urinary tract,
particularly in the kidneys, where it can cause infection. This is largely attributed to E. coli's uropathogenic characteristics, which enable it to
evade host defenses and cause disease.
Question 4
It is true that polycystic kidney disease is
a. always rapidly fatal
b. caused by a streptococcal infection
c. associated with supernumerary kidney
d. genetically transmitted
Correct Answer
D
Rationale:
Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder, meaning it is linked to mutations in specific genes that are inherited from one's parents. This
condition is passed down through generations, making option d the correct answer because it accurately describes the mode of inheritance of
polycystic kidney disease.
Question 5
The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is
a. renal ischemia
b. bacterial invasion of the glomerulus
c. an anaphylactic reaction
d. an immune complex reaction
Correct Answer
D
Rationale:
Acute glomerulonephritis involves the immune system mistakenly attacking the glomeruli, causing inflammation and damage, which is
characteristic of an immune complex reaction. This reaction occurs when the immune system forms antibodies against a foreign substance,
such as a bacterial toxin, and these complexes deposit in the glomeruli, triggering an inflammatory response.
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, Question 6
Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include
a. anuria
b. proteinuria
c. red blood cell casts in urine
d. foul-smelling urine
Correct Answer
B
Rationale:
Red blood cell casts in urine is a key indicator of glomerulonephritis because they suggest kidney inflammation is affecting the glomeruli,
causing blood to leak into the urine. This condition is a hallmark of the disease, as the presence of red blood cells in the urine, specifically in
the form of casts, points to glomerular damage.
Question 7
A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to be
a. potassium oxalate
b. struvite
c. cysteine
d. uric acid crystals
Correct Answer
D
Rationale:
Gouty arthritis is characterized by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood, which can crystallize and form kidney stones. Uric acid crystals are
the most likely composition of these calculi because they directly correlate with the underlying pathophysiology of gout, which involves the
body's inability to properly excrete uric acid.
Question 8
The most common type of renal stone is
a. uric acid
b. calcium
c. struvite
d. cesteine
Correct Answer
B
Rationale:
Calcium stones are the most common type of renal stone, accounting for approximately 80% of cases, due to the high concentration of calcium
oxalate in the urine. This is often a result of an imbalance of fluids, diet, or genetic predispositions that lead to excessive calcium excretion.
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(Fully Updated 2026) Exam Questions + Verified &
55+
Rationalized Answers | A+ Graded
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1
Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause
a. hyperlipidemia
b. proteinuria
c. hematuria
d. generalized edema
Correct Answer
C
Rationale:
Nephrotic syndrome typically results from severe damage to the glomeruli, the blood vessels in the kidneys that filter waste and excess fluids
from the blood. In this case, "a. hyperlipidemia" is the correct choice because nephrotic syndrome is characterized by the excessive loss of
lipids in the urine, which can lead to elevated levels of lipids in the blood, known as hyperlipidemia.
Question 2
A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience
a. fever
b. oliguria
c. edema
d. hypertension
Correct Answer
A
Rationale:
Acute pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney caused by bacteria, leading to an inflammatory response that typically results in fever as the
body attempts to fight off the infection. This fever is a common symptom in cases of acute pyelonephritis due to the body's immune response.
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,Question 3
The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is
a. streptococcus
b. Escherichia coli
c. Klebsiella
d. Enterobacter
Correct Answer
B
Rationale:
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the primary causative agent of acute pyelonephritis due to its ability to adhere to and colonize the urinary tract,
particularly in the kidneys, where it can cause infection. This is largely attributed to E. coli's uropathogenic characteristics, which enable it to
evade host defenses and cause disease.
Question 4
It is true that polycystic kidney disease is
a. always rapidly fatal
b. caused by a streptococcal infection
c. associated with supernumerary kidney
d. genetically transmitted
Correct Answer
D
Rationale:
Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder, meaning it is linked to mutations in specific genes that are inherited from one's parents. This
condition is passed down through generations, making option d the correct answer because it accurately describes the mode of inheritance of
polycystic kidney disease.
Question 5
The pathophysiologic basis of acute glomerulonephritis is
a. renal ischemia
b. bacterial invasion of the glomerulus
c. an anaphylactic reaction
d. an immune complex reaction
Correct Answer
D
Rationale:
Acute glomerulonephritis involves the immune system mistakenly attacking the glomeruli, causing inflammation and damage, which is
characteristic of an immune complex reaction. This reaction occurs when the immune system forms antibodies against a foreign substance,
such as a bacterial toxin, and these complexes deposit in the glomeruli, triggering an inflammatory response.
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, Question 6
Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include
a. anuria
b. proteinuria
c. red blood cell casts in urine
d. foul-smelling urine
Correct Answer
B
Rationale:
Red blood cell casts in urine is a key indicator of glomerulonephritis because they suggest kidney inflammation is affecting the glomeruli,
causing blood to leak into the urine. This condition is a hallmark of the disease, as the presence of red blood cells in the urine, specifically in
the form of casts, points to glomerular damage.
Question 7
A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to be
a. potassium oxalate
b. struvite
c. cysteine
d. uric acid crystals
Correct Answer
D
Rationale:
Gouty arthritis is characterized by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood, which can crystallize and form kidney stones. Uric acid crystals are
the most likely composition of these calculi because they directly correlate with the underlying pathophysiology of gout, which involves the
body's inability to properly excrete uric acid.
Question 8
The most common type of renal stone is
a. uric acid
b. calcium
c. struvite
d. cesteine
Correct Answer
B
Rationale:
Calcium stones are the most common type of renal stone, accounting for approximately 80% of cases, due to the high concentration of calcium
oxalate in the urine. This is often a result of an imbalance of fluids, diet, or genetic predispositions that lead to excessive calcium excretion.
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