SANS CERTIFICATION EXAM PAPER 2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Logical Topology. Answer: Gives the description for the physical
layout, shows VLAN's and where they are placed on the physical
topology
◉ Trunk Port. Answer: Connects packets that travel to all VLAN's on a
switch
◉ Baseband Systems. Answer: Transmits one signal on the medium
(fiber, copper, etc)
◉ Broadband. Answer: Form of multiplexing to join multiple signals on
a medium
◉ Ethernet. Answer: Designed as baseband system that can be used in
multiplexing
◉ CSMA/CD. Answer: Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision
Detection
,◉ Unicast. Answer: Broadcast for a single device
◉ Multicast. Answer: Broadcast for a specific group or multiple devices
◉ Broadcast. Answer: Message for everyone to receive and process
◉ Hub. Answer: Broadcasts packets to every single port
◉ Switch. Answer: Broadcasts packets to device found on a singular
port
◉ Content Addressable Memory (CAM). Answer: Is a table that
contains the MAC address and port associated to that MAC Address
◉ Virtual LAN (VLAN). Answer: Splitting a switch in which certain
ports can only talk to certain ports (Segment networks within a switch)
◉ Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS). Answer: A different way of
switching packets that can be used on a dedicated line
◉ 802.1x. Answer: Network Access Control that is a layer 2
authentication (Credentialed Question of 2FA)
, ◉ A security appliance should be set in place when. Answer: There is a
change in trust level in the network
◉ Protocol. Answer: is an agreement or rules of engagement for how
computer networks communicate
◉ OSI Protocol Stack (7). Answer: Layer 7) Application
Layer 6) Presentation
Layer 5) Session
Layer 4) Transport
Layer 3) Network
Layer 2) Data Link
Layer 1) Physical
◉ Application Layer 7 OSI Stack. Answer: Browsers, FTP, HTTP, SCP
◉ Presentation Layer 6 OSI Stack. Answer: Makes data presentable to
the application or user (ASCII)
◉ Session Layer 5 OSI Stack. Answer: Handles the
establishment/maintenance of connections between systems
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ Logical Topology. Answer: Gives the description for the physical
layout, shows VLAN's and where they are placed on the physical
topology
◉ Trunk Port. Answer: Connects packets that travel to all VLAN's on a
switch
◉ Baseband Systems. Answer: Transmits one signal on the medium
(fiber, copper, etc)
◉ Broadband. Answer: Form of multiplexing to join multiple signals on
a medium
◉ Ethernet. Answer: Designed as baseband system that can be used in
multiplexing
◉ CSMA/CD. Answer: Carrier Sense Multiple Access/ Collision
Detection
,◉ Unicast. Answer: Broadcast for a single device
◉ Multicast. Answer: Broadcast for a specific group or multiple devices
◉ Broadcast. Answer: Message for everyone to receive and process
◉ Hub. Answer: Broadcasts packets to every single port
◉ Switch. Answer: Broadcasts packets to device found on a singular
port
◉ Content Addressable Memory (CAM). Answer: Is a table that
contains the MAC address and port associated to that MAC Address
◉ Virtual LAN (VLAN). Answer: Splitting a switch in which certain
ports can only talk to certain ports (Segment networks within a switch)
◉ Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS). Answer: A different way of
switching packets that can be used on a dedicated line
◉ 802.1x. Answer: Network Access Control that is a layer 2
authentication (Credentialed Question of 2FA)
, ◉ A security appliance should be set in place when. Answer: There is a
change in trust level in the network
◉ Protocol. Answer: is an agreement or rules of engagement for how
computer networks communicate
◉ OSI Protocol Stack (7). Answer: Layer 7) Application
Layer 6) Presentation
Layer 5) Session
Layer 4) Transport
Layer 3) Network
Layer 2) Data Link
Layer 1) Physical
◉ Application Layer 7 OSI Stack. Answer: Browsers, FTP, HTTP, SCP
◉ Presentation Layer 6 OSI Stack. Answer: Makes data presentable to
the application or user (ASCII)
◉ Session Layer 5 OSI Stack. Answer: Handles the
establishment/maintenance of connections between systems
