NUR208 / NUR 208 Exam 3 v2 Mental Health Nursing | Latest 2026–2027 Update | Questions & Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Solutions) – Fortis

NUR208 / NUR 208 Exam 3 v2 Mental Health Nursing | Latest 2026–2027 Update | Questions & Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Solutions) – Fortis 2026 / 2027 Academic Year Q: The term geriatrics refers to the study of: Answer biological, psychological, physiological, and sociological aspects of aging 3 multiple choice options Immune 3 multiple choice options Q: The theory of aging that attributes the age-related cellular changes to an unpaired ion is the theory of: Answer free radical 3 multiple choice options Q: ______________ theory states that the end result is that the body's immune response is impaired, which causes the aging person to be more susceptible to a variety of illnesses or infections as well as being susceptible to the body's immune cells attacking normal body cells. Answer Q: In cultures where ageism prevails, the elderly are: Answer avoided and made to feel useless 3 multiple choice options Q: A woman tells the health-care worker that her 85-year-old father is frequently confused about medication doses and frequently forgets to take his medicines. He usually eats crackers for dinner and sweet snacks for lunch. The daughter lives in a two-bedroom apartment with her two children and works full time. The health-care worker suggests that the most appropriate placement for him would be in: Answer an assisted-living home 3 multiple choice options Q: The health-care worker recommends the utilization of a senior center for a 79-year-old widow because in addition to a meal, a senior center can provide: Answer a venue for socialization 3 multiple choice options Q: A 70-year-old man retired 6 months ago after a long career as a newsman. His wife tells the health-care worker that she is concerned because her husband has stopped going to church, turned over the bill-paying duties to her, and spends most of the time listening to the radio. The health-care worker recognizes this as: Answer signs of disengagement and possible early depression 3 multiple choice options Q: Among the goals for the aged from Healthy People 2030 is an increased access for the elderly to acquire: Answer preventative health-care services 3 multiple choice options Q: An appropriate strategy when teaching geriatric adults is to: Answer ask them to repeat what they heard because of possible hearing deficits 3 multiple choice options Q: Regarding cataracts, the most important point is that they: Answer are a normal part of aging; most older people have cataracts in both eyes 3 multiple choice options Q: When planning health-promotion classes for geriatric adults, the health-care worker should include information pertinent to: Answer safe home environment, immunizations 3 multiple choice options Q: An 83-year-old resident in a nursing home spends a great deal of time telling stories about past accomplishments and life experiences. The health-care worker recognizes that: Answer reminiscing about positive life experiences is therapeutic and helps bring a feeling of achievement and satisfaction to the elder adult 3 multiple choice options Q: Interventions to promote health in the geriatric elder that follow the goals of Healthy People 2030 are primarily focused on: Answer teaching positive health behaviors 3 multiple choice options Q: The health-care worker assessing an 85-year-old man for his ability to manage the activities of daily living (ADLs) would assess his ability to: (Select all that apply.) feed himself manage his own finances cook a simple meal shop for himself manage some form of transportation Answer feed himself cook a simple meal shop for himself 3 multiple choice options Q: Which services does the Older American Act of 2006 include? (Select all that apply.) Elder abuse protection Interventions to combat social isolation Short term care strategies Transportation assistance Assistance with nutrition Answer Elder abuse protection Interventions to combat social isolation Transportation assistance Assistance with nutrition 3 multiple choice options Q: According to the _______ theory, a recently retired person who finds satisfaction in hobbies, travel, or volunteering is adjusting to life after retirement. Answer activity 3 multiple choice options Q: An appropriate nursing action helpful to older adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is to: Answer encourage confidence in the elder as a competent manager of the disease 3 multiple choice options Q: An important consideration in the rehabilitation of a geriatric patient to prevent loss of function from inactivity and immobility is: Answer performing active exercises daily 3 multiple choice options Q: The health-care worker is planning a discussion about sexual responses in the aging population. The health-care worker would make a point to include information relative to that fact that: Answer males retain their fertility into the eighth decade of life 3 multiple choice options Q: Because of changes in the blood vessels, which become narrow with fatty deposits, the geriatric elder is at risk for: Answer stroke 3 multiple choice options Q: Young-old describes a period from ages: Answer 65 to 74 Q: Q: The most important predictor of one's life expectancy is: Answer One's own biological parent Q: Which of the following is a biological theory of aging? Answer Wear and tear Q: Helplessness and despair are often characteristic of people who: Answer Lack a sense of integrity Q: Life review in which older people engage serves to: Answer Give meaning to their life Q: The older person generally: Answer Needs more rest periods than a younger adult Q: A high potential for impaired safety is a concern in older patients because of: Answer Changes in sensory perception Q: Elder abuse is generally seen: Answer Across all social boundaries Q: Depression seen in the older adult is most commonly caused by: Answer Multiple losses Q: The majority of old people: Answer Live in a family setting Q: Senescence refers to the: Answer Normal signs of aging Q: A change in height during the older years is due to a: Answer Fusing of the vertebrae Q: Eighty-year-old Sarah James complains of pain and stiffness in the joints. This may be due to a(n): Answer Loss of elasticity in the tendons and ligaments Q: The incidence of choking in older people increases because of: Answer Decreased gag reflex Tooth loss in the geriatric patient is considered: Answer A result of poor dental hygiene Eighty-four-year-old Mary Brown, a patient in the long-term care unit, complains frequently of being cold. This response is probably due to (the): Answer Loss of adipose tissue Seventy-year-old Edna MacBay's daughter complains that her mother has had difficulty remembering visits from her other children. You can tell her this is commonly a result of: Answer Disease Hearing-related changes in elderly patients are initially due to a loss of: Answer High-frequency tones The phase of planning in retirement of the elderly person is termed: Answer Near In beginning nutritional education in an elderly patient, of least importance to the nurse is: Answer Color and texture of the food In the older adult, gross motor skills decline because of: Stiffening of the joints Married couples may have a shift in roles at different periods throughout their life cycle. One such time is during: Retirement To attain ego integrity as described by Erikson, the older person must have: Successfully resolved the other stages The negative stereotyping of older people is called: Ageism Which of the following is not a reason for divorce after age 65? Euphoric feelings The psychosocial adjustment to aging can be minimized by: All of the above The theory of aging that suggests the adjustment to aging depends upon the person's ability to maintain his or her life patterns well into aging is: Activity theory Which of the following is not true about sexuality in late adulthood? Interest in sex diminishes in late adulthood. Ego integrity can be determined by which of the following? Positive life review The nurse teaches the new graduate that when providing activities for the older adult, she should consider: Activities that consider earlier interests The nurse correctly recognizes that there are many life adjustments for the older adult, including (a): (Select all that apply.) Decline in intellect Decrease in income Slowed reaction time ageism a form of prejudice in which people are categorized and judged solely on the basis of their chronological age elder-speak a condescending way of speaking to older adults stereotype threat responses to stereotype that include dyeing hair, undergoing plastic surgery, dressing in youthful clothes, and moving quickly to look agile (or spry) young-old age 60 to 70 (70%) old-old age 75 to 85 (20%) oldest-old over age 85 (10%) primary aging puberty, menopause, andropause dependency ratio the number of self-sufficient productive adults compared with the number of dependents (child and the elderly), current ratio is 2:1 secondary aging diet, exercise, drug abuse, use and addiction (life style factors) 75 , 81 In the use the average life expectancy for men is ___ and ___ for women Dementia irreversible loss of intellectual functioning caused by organic brain damage or disease Mild cognitive impairment affects older adults with cognitive problems who are still able to function Alzheimers disease most common cause of dementia, characterized by gradual deterioration of memory and personality beginning stage of Alzheimer's forgetfulness, personalty change, memory loss eventually become dangerous final stage of Alzheimer's communication ceases, full time care needed, identity and personality are lost, death come 10 to 15 years after 1st signs appear actualization integrity older adults have better ability of reaching Maslow's_____ and Erikson's______ socialization senses cease so does cognitive lack of sensory input also results in lack of ____ input self theories the search to maintain one's integrity and identity integrity versus despair objects and places become more precious in late adulthood than they were earlier, as a way to hold on to their idenitiy continuity theory behaves toward others in a way that is consistent with his or her behavior in earlier periods of life positivity effect elderly people perceive, prefer and remember positive images and experiences more than negative ones self expectance leads to happiness ideal self and real self with age come closer together stratification theories theory that focuses on the society's impact on each individual- an impact felt because societies place each person in a category or role. disengagement theory stay at home and not socialize once reach certain age activity theory being socially active, volunteering, taking trips, mental activity aging in place remaining in the same home and community in later life, adjusting not leaving when health fades naturally occurring retirement community (NORC) a neighborhood or apartment complex whose population is mostly retired people who moved to the location as younger adults and never left 5, 66 about one out of every ___ US adults age ___ and older was enrolled in some kind of continuing education in 2005 14.4, 65 Overall, ___ percent of US residents are age ___ or over less, increased, prayer are ____ to attend religious services than are the middle aged, but faith ____ with age, as does ____ and other religious practices AARP american association of retired persons, the largest organized interest group in the world, advocates for the elderly, people over age 50 benefits happier, healthier, wealthier the ___ of marriage are greater in late adulthood, ___, ____, _____ filial responsiblity the obligation of adult children to care for their aging parents compassionate grandparents (sometimes called "fun loving" grandparents) entertain and "spoil" their grandchild frail elderly people over age 65, and often over age 85, who are physically infirm, very ill, or cognitively disable assisted living a living arrangement for elderly people that combines privacy and independence with medical supervision remote grandparents (some times called distant grandparents) are emotionally distant form their grandchildren involved grandparents are active in the day lives of grandchild surrogate grandparent raise their grandchild, usually because the parent are unable or unwilling activities of daily living actions that are important to independent living, typically identified as 5 task of self-care: -eating, bathing, tolieting, dressing, transferring form a bed to chair instrumental activities of daily life (IADLS) actions that are important to independent living and that require intellectual competence ability to preform these tasks may be even more critical to self sufficiency than ADL ability thanatology the study of death and dying, especially of the social and emotional aspects, reveals the reality of hope in death, acceptance of dying and reaffirmation of life good death a death that is peaceful, quick, and painless and that occurs after a long life, in the company of family and friends, and is familiar surrounding complete greif bad death lacks six characteristics of a good death and is dreaded particularly by the elderly incomplete greif Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance what are the 5 stages of dying Kubler- Ross created the stages of dying hopice an institution or program in which terminally ill patients receive palliative care provide skilled treatment to relieve pain and discomfort; they avoid measures to delay death and their focus is make dying easier palliative care make comfortable double effct takes away pain but shuts down respiratory system (morphin) has positive and negative effect passive euthanasia DNR active euthanasia physician assisted suicide only legal in Organ slippery slope concern hastening death when terminally ill people request my cause a society to slide into killing sick people who are not ready to die- especially the old and the poor describe the general physical development in early adulthood All of the organs and body systems, including digestive, respiratory, circulatory, and reproductive systems, peak in functioning senescence A pattern of gradual age-related declines in physical functioning when does aging become visible? about age 30 what does aging entail? gradual changes in strength, body proportions, sensory capacities, and fertility age-related physical changes by age 20 Age-related changes in the skin age-related physical changes by age 30 Gray hairs Hereditary baldness Less skin elasticity and some visible wrinkles around the eyes and forehead isometric muscle strength Subtle contractions in which the length of the muscle does not change, is maintained through adulthood when does performance on activities that require body coordination and bursts of strength peak? in the early 20s when does performance on activities that require endurance peak? in the early 30s athlete vs non athlete muscle and motor skills throughout aging athletes experience more subtle and gradual declines in physical abilities from the late 30s to the 60s. Their muscles and motor skills age much more slowly than their peers general trend of reproductive capacity declines with age, increasing the risk for women in their mid to late 30s of experiencing difficulty conceiving what is a common cause of female infertility? the inability to ovulate; With advancing age, ovulation becomes less regular; Chromosomal anomalies accumulate as egg cells age, increasing the risk of pregnancy loss, or miscarriage; Ovarian cancer and ovarian cysts; Dwindling reserves of ova ovulate to release an ova into the fallopian tube what are some factors that can prevent ovulation? drug and alcohol abuse, environmental toxins, obesity, and being underweight true or false: most men remain able to conceive into older adulthood true; However, the number and quality of sperm produced does decline in middle adulthood, beginning at about age 40 free radical A highly reactive, corrosive substance that forms when a cell is exposed to oxygen. Through chemical reactions, free radicals destroy DNA, proteins, and other cellular materials; may also contribute to male infertility wear and tear theory of aging An early theory of aging stating that aging is the result of the body wearing out from use; regular exercise increases longevity in all people regardless of ethnicity or socioeconomic status programmed genetics theory of aging the rate of aging is influenced by DNA and heredity caloric restriction theory of aging The practice of restricting caloric intake for the purpose of slowing aging; A nutritious diet that is extremely low in calories is associated with a longer lifespan aging immune system theory of aging an aging immune system is less able to differentiate healthy cells from pathology, may direct the body's defenses against healthy cells, and may ignore harmful cells cellular mutation theory of aging cellular mutations lead to a deterioration in functioning and an increase in age-related diseases and cancers free radicals theory of aging free radicals destroy DNA, proteins, and other cellular materials in an attempt to replace the missing electrons. Free radicals are thought to contribute to many age-related diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and arthritis reduced capacity for cell division theory of aging Telomeres that shorten past a critical length cause the cell to stop dividing all together, leading to increases in disease, cell death, and body aging telomere A type of DNA that caps both ends of chromosomes and shortens with each cell division. Eventually telomeres shorten past a critical length and the cell to stop duplicating true or false: Young adults who become ill or die from illness are less likely to be of low socioeconomic status. false what are some reasons why it is difficult for young adults to eat healthily? Absence of parental controls, access to an abundance of food, and busy lives Obesity body mass index (BMI) of 30 or above overweight BMI greater than 25 factors related to obesity heredity, environmental pressures how has today's obesity epidemic in Western nations had stronger ties to environmental pressures than genetic factors? Physical labor is less a part of the lifestyle in industrialized nations than ever before. Food, especially sugary, fatty, and fried foods, have become more abundant at the same time as people have become more sedentary. Sedentary lifestyles, and especially the number of hours spent viewing television, are closely associated with obesity what health problems are associated with obesity? high blood pressure; stroke; circulatory problems; diabetes; digestive disorders; arthritis; cancer; and, ultimately, early death consequences of regular moderate exercise enhances immunity, lowering the risk of, and speeding recovery to, illnesses; mental health benefits such as improved mood, energy, self-esteem, working memory, and ability to cope as well as reductions in stress, anxiety, and depression wha is the recommended amount of exercise? at least 150 minutes of moderate activity each week or 75 minutes of vigorous activity, plus muscle strengthening exercises on at least two days each week what is the most common cancer caused by tobacco smoke? lung cancer how does smoking incr. blood pressure and heart rate? Nicotine stimulates the adrenal glands to release adrenaline, which increases blood pressure and heart rate what is the most commonly used substance after alcohol and nicotine in the US? marijuana why is marijuana addictive? when inhaled, the active ingredient, THC, passes from the lungs to the bloodstream to the brain and activates the brain's reward system, making the user feel euphoric how does marijuana use interfere with thinking? it impairs a person's ability to shift attention from one item to another and to learn, form memories, and recall material binge drinking Heavy episodic drinking; consuming five or more alcoholic beverages in one sitting for men and four drinks in one sitting for women Heavy drinking two or more instances of binge drinking within the past 30 days alcohol dependence a maladaptive pattern of alcohol use that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress, as indicated by tolerance, withdrawal, and inability to reduce drinking does college enrollment influence heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems among young adults? no; heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems are more common among young adults regardless of college enrollment Successful treatments of alcohol dependence provide individual and family counseling, group support, coping skills, and possibly aversion therapy (the use of medication that produces negative reactions to alcohol such as vomiting) to spur a distaste for alcohol physiological effects of chronic stress negative cardiovascular side effects of stress, such as hypertension (high blood pressure), high cholesterol, and arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries, which places more stress on the heart and increase the risk of heart attack and stroke) "fight-or-flight" stress response cortisol is released and the body readies for action, raising blood pressure and heart rate postformal reasoning Thinking and problem solving is restructured in adulthood to integrate abstract reasoning with practical considerations, recognizing that most problems have multiple causes and solutions, some solutions are better than others, and all problems involve uncertainty epistemic cognition The ways in which an individual understands how he or she arrived at ideas, beliefs, and conclusions dualistic thinking Polar reasoning in which knowledge and accounts of phenomena are viewed as absolute facts, either right or wrong with no in-between; typical of beginning college students relativistic thinking Type of reasoning in which knowledge is viewed as subjective and dependent on the situation; Most knowledge is viewed as relative, dependent on the situation and thinker; relativistic thinkers recognize that beliefs are subjective, that there are multiple perspectives on a given issue, and that all perspectives are defensible reflective judgment Mature type of reasoning that synthesizes contradictions among perspectives; recognizes that options and opinions can be evaluated and generates criteria to do so pragmatic thought In Labouvie-Vief's theory, a type of thinking where logic is used as a tool to address everyday problems and contradictions are viewed as part of life what do advances in reasoning during the adult years entail? integrating cognition with emotion. Young adults become better able to make rational decisions and are less swayed by emotion-fused thinking than are adolescents cognitive-affective complexity A form of mature thinking that involves emotional awareness, the ability to integrate and regulate intense emotions, and the recognition and appreciation of individual experience; Capacity to be aware of emotions, integrate positive and negative feelings about an issue, and regulate intense emotions to make logical decisions about complicated issues Gains in cognitive-affective complexity helps young adults do what? Participate in social interactions ; Become more open of other viewpoints; Solve day to day problems true or false: Attending college is associated with advanced moral reasoning and the ability to synthesize the considerations of autonomy and individual rights with promoting human welfare true which types of college students have more opportunities to interact with peers and become involved in the academic and social aspects of campus life—and show the greatest cognitive gains in the college years? Students who live in residence halls which type of students often experience the most difficulty transitioning to college and are at highest risk of dropping out of college or attending discontinuously? first-generation students and those who are from minority of low socioeconomic homes true or false: Nontraditional students are less likely than traditional students to attend college part-time, work full-time, be financially independent, and have dependents false why do nontraditional college students find the practical details of college more difficult to navigate? most colleges are oriented toward traditional students which strengths do nontraditional students possess? they show a readiness to learn and a problem-centered orientation toward learning that emphasizes acquiring the knowledge and skills needed for career advancement; experience and multiple roles can help make meaning of theoretical concepts that may be purely abstract to younger learners which types of colleges do nontraditional students seek? colleges that are readily accessible; offer training relevant to their current life needs; and are cost-effective, flexible in course scheduling, and supportive of adult lifestyle commitments The Forgotten Third one third of high school graduates in the United States that transition from high school to work without attending college; relatively few resources are directed toward learning about and assisting them, as compared with college-bound young adults crystallization stage The earliest stage of occupational development; begins in adolescence; Adolescents from ages 14 through 18 begin to think about careers in more complex ways, considering their own interests, personality, abilities, and values as well as the requirements of each career specification stage ages 18 to 21 identify specific occupational goals and pursue the education needed to achieve them implementation stage young adults ages 21 to 24 complete training, enter the job market, and make the transition to become an employee stabilization stage ages 25 to 35; entails becoming established in a career. Young adults settle into specific jobs, gain experience, and adapt to changes in their workplace and field consolidation stage from age 35 and up, individuals accumulate experience and advance up the career ladder, moving into supervisory positions and becoming responsible for the next generation of workers what is the most important factor in selecting a career? the match between young people's personality traits and abilities and their occupational interests; contextual influences such as family and educational opportunities also influence our choice of career vocational indications for investigative personality type enjoys working w/ ideas; likely to select a scientific career (e.g., biologist, physicist) vocational indications for social personality type enjoys interacting with people; likely to select a human services career (e.g., teaching. nursing, counseling) vocational indications for realistic personality type enjoys working w/ objects and real-world problems; likely to select a mechanical career (e.g., carpenter, mechanic, plumber) vocational indications for artistic personality type enjoys individual expression; likely to select a career in the arts, incl. writing and performing arts vocational indications for conventional personality type prefers well-structured tasks, values social status; likely to select a career in business (e.g., accounting, banking) vocational indications for enterprising personality type enjoys leading and persuading others, values adventure; likely to select a career in sales, politics A 90-year-old West Indian man is dying, and 20 family members fill the hall as they try to crowd into the room. The culturally competent health-care worker will: move out unnecessary furniture to make room for the family. 3 multiple choice options The health-care worker can support grieving families at the time of death by: allowing the family time to stay with the loved one after the death. 3 multiple choice options The grieving mother whose adolescent son died last week tells the home health-care worker that her 5-year-old has begun to wet the bed. The health-care worker's most helpful response would be: "Regression to less mature forms of behavior are not unusual after a death." 3 multiple choice options When parents ask if their school-age child should attend the funeral of their grandmother, the health-care worker would base a response on the understanding that attendance will: provide an closure for the child. 3 multiple choice options A terminally ill patient is unresponsive and having periods of apnea. The patient's family is arguing at the bedside about where the funeral should be held. The health-care worker should: take the family members aside and explain that the patient may be able to hear them. 3 multiple choice options The primary goal of end-of-life care is: The primary goal of end-of-life care is: 2 multiple choice options The document naming the person or persons who should make health-care decisions if a patient cannot make informed decisions for him- or herself is the: durable power of attorney. 3 multiple choice options The health-care worker caring for a dying 78-year-old Hispanic woman understands that in Hispanic families when death is near, the family will: prohibit pregnant women and children from the bedside. 3 multiple choice options The impending signs of death include: (Select all that apply.) thirst anorexia pulmonary congestion flushed face mottled extremities anorexia pulmonary congestion mottled extremities 3 multiple choice options The health-care worker clarifies to the family of a dying patient that palliative care includes: (Select all that apply.) patient-centered care analgesics oxygen therapy curative therapy laxatives patient-centered care analgesics oxygen therapy laxatives 3 multiple choice options The health-care worker recommends the services of _____________, a community health-care organization specializing in the care of dying patients and their families. hospice 3 multiple choice options Denial is a common reaction to the diagnosis of a terminal illness, because the use of this defense mechanism: is helpful to adaptation 3 multiple choice options A terminally ill person has elected to stop receiving curative treatment and has requested no cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The family is very upset by this decision and wants to override the patient's decision. The best response to the family is: "According to the dying person's bill of rights, your relative has the right to make this decision." 3 multiple choice options The statement that best depicts the preschooler's understanding of death is: "I know that my brother got taken because I had a fight with him." 3 multiple choice options A grief reaction that interferes with life's functions is: dysfunctional grief. 3 multiple choice options After giving birth to a stillborn baby, the woman says, "I just painted the baby's room. Do you think that had an influence on my baby's death?" The best response to this woman is: "I can understand your need to find an answer to what caused this." 3 multiple choice options The statement that would be least therapeutic to say to the bereaved mother at the death of her infant son would be: "Fortunately he is not suffering anymore." 3 multiple choice options After the death of an 80-year-old Jewish man, the health-care worker is aware that while the family is waiting for the funeral home to come for the body, the deceased is: never left alone. 3 multiple choice options At the time of a child's death, a "memory kit" is made for the parents. The most appropriate items in such a kit would be: a curl of the baby's hair. 2 multiple choice options The health-care worker can provide the best support to a family experiencing anticipatory grief related to the imminent death of a loved one by: being available to the family. 3 multiple choice options A man whose wife died 6 months ago says that he sometimes still "hears" his wife's voice and has trouble sleeping and does not feel like socializing. The health-care worker recognizes that: these complaints are part of a normal grief response. 3 multiple choice options Several health-care workers have requested to attend the funeral of a patient for whom they felt especially close. The supervisor recognizes that attending the funeral is: appropriate, because it can assist in the resolution of personal grief. 3 multiple choice options While doing final preparations for a Hindu woman to be picked up by the funeral home, the health-care worker observes a thread tied around the corpse's wrist and a basil leaf in her mouth. These items: should be left in place. 3 multiple choice options When a dying 90-year-old woman gives her rosary to her granddaughter, this gift should be viewed as a: legacy. 3 multiple choice options When the shocked father of a 17-year-old who committed suicide says, "We should have seen this coming. I feel so guilty." The most therapeutic response would be: "This must be awful for you. Tell me about your son." 3 multiple choice options The parents of a 7-year-old are concerned because their child, upon being informed about the death of his grandmother, said, "Nana is mean. I don't love her anymore!" This behavior is: a normal reaction. 3 multiple choice options The most therapeutic communication to use with a bereaved family should reflect: acknowledgment of the loss. 3 multiple choice options A widow of 10 months says that she has started sleeping better, is going out more with friends, and can talk about her husband without feeling so lost and angry. The health-care worker recognizes that this represents: the beginning of the "letting-go" process. 3 multiple choice options After the death of their child in the emergency room following a hit-and-run automobile accident, the mother says, "God is dead for me. God is as dead as my child. I will not worship a dead god!" The most helpful response would be: "I can understand why you feel angry with God and everyone else right now." 3 multiple choice options The family of a young girl killed in an automobile accident arrives at the hospital shortly after her death and requests to see her body. Since she is disfigured from the accident, the most appropriate action is to: inform them of what to expect and then let them see the body. 3 multiple choice options Seven months ago, a 30-year-old man lost his wife in an automobile accident. His coworkers have become concerned about his mood swings from rage to uncontrolled crying. The health-care worker recognizes that this is: abnormal grief that may require psychological counseling. 3 multiple choice options The manner in which persons adjust to losses in their life will determine: quality of life. 3 multiple choice options A newborn in the neonatal intensive care unit is dying, and the neonatologist has shared with the parents their baby's prognosis. When the father sees his son, he says, "He looks just fine to me. I can't understand what all this is about." The health-care worker recognizes that the father is: in denial or disbelief. 3 multiple choice options The event most likely to make a grief reaction complicated and pathological would be: death by suicide. 3 multiple choice options Persons experiencing bereavement should postpone making drastic changes in their lives for at least: 1 year 3 multiple choice options A bereaved person is in special need of condolence and support: on the anniversary date of the death. 3 multiple choice options The process of bereavement includes the survivors': (Select all that apply.) reaction to the loss. refusal to integrate the loss. portrayal of the deceased as perfect. adjustment to the loss. reorganization of the fabric of life. reaction to the loss. adjustment to the loss. reorganization of the fabric of life. 3 multiple choice options The death rituals observed by the East Indian community include which aspect(s)? (Select all that apply.) Family members wash and prepare the body. Family allows only the heart to be donated. The naked body is wrapped in a white sheet. Official mourning will last for 40 days. The body is buried within 24 hours of death. Family members wash and prepare the body. Official mourning will last for 40 days. 3 multiple choice options Saying goodbye to the pain of loss, the feeling of isolation, and the nearness of the loved one is known as _________. letting go 3 multiple choice options ___________________ occurs when an unexpected and traumatic life experience takes place such as a loss of a source of income, or loss from a serious illness. Situational loss 3 multiple choice options The school nurse plans a class in men's health needs in order to: sensitize males to health concerns 3 multiple choice options High schools and junior high schools are now offering classes in money management and parenting for the purpose of: helping adolescents transition more easily to adulthood 3 multiple choice options Women's health care should include safe-sex practices. The purpose of this is to: encourage healthy lifestyles to prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) 3 multiple choice options The health-care worker suspecting a woman who comes to the clinic is in an abusive relationship teaches the woman about partner abuse because the health-care worker knows that all women should be informed: about the cycle of violence that indicates once violence begins, it continues and escalates over time 3 multiple choice options The college health-care worker planning a health promotion class plans to support the goals of Health People 2030 and focus on: nutrition, family planning, and physical fitness 3 multiple choice options The health-care worker planning a men's health clinic at a local college plans to give a priority focus on a booth that will provide information about: testicular self-examination 3 multiple choice options Using Erikson's developmental stages as a guide, the home health-care worker identifies the person at risk for delayed development as the: 24-year-old woman who is still living at home and spends most of her time involved in computer social media 3 multiple choice options At a routine yearly physical, an 18-year-old woman states, "I never check my breasts. I think I am too young to worry about that." The most helpful response would be: "All women should check their breasts every month." 3 multiple choice options An occupational health-care worker is teaching a class of health-promoting behaviors to a group of young adults when a member of the group asks why this class is necessary, since they are all healthy young adults. The health-care worker's best response is: "Good health habits formed as young adults show striking effects on the prevention of illness and disease as you grow older." 3 multiple choice options The college health-care worker cautions the 20-year-old male about an adverse effect of overtraining, which is: loss of strength 3 multiple choice options A health-care worker preparing a class on nutrition for a group of young adults explains that MyPlate is a nutritional guide that: helps limit portion size 3 multiple choice options Health maintenance instruction during young adulthood should be directed toward: preventing illnesses caused by lifestyle choices 3 multiple choice options A new mother tells the home health-care worker that she feels "really stupid" about caring for her newborn, as her mother-in-law does everything for the baby. The best approach to facilitate instruction would be: "Let's talk about what you already know about infant care, then we can plan from there." 3 multiple choice options Young adulthood, or early adulthood, is most often defined as the time of age 20 years to _____ years. 40 3 multiple choice options The goal of intimacy for the young adult means that the young adult has achieved: an open and trusting relationship with another person 3 multiple choice options The signs of a "mid-life crisis" in a 39-year-old man suggest that he may be experiencing the negative influence of Levinson's stage of: transitional phase 3 multiple choice options According to Piaget, the stage of development that is necessary for effective problem solving skills in adulthood is the _______________ stage. post-formal operational 3 multiple choice options According to Kohlberg, young adults should develop moral reasoning as they mature; this moral reasoning is characterized by: taking responsibility for care of others 3 multiple choice options A young woman pregnant with her first child is in the second trimester. The health-care worker will direct instruction toward: preparations about the physical environment for the expected infant 3 multiple choice options A woman in the third trimester of pregnancy expresses fear about her impending labor and how she will manage. The best response would be: "It's normal to be anxious. Let's go over what happens after you are admitted." 3 multiple choice options A young adult man says that his 3-year-old son wants to do many things the parent thinks is dangerous. The most helpful suggesting the health-care worker could give about this toddler's behavior is: "Allow him his independence, but keep an eye out for safety." 3 multiple choice options Teaching to increase self care is effective when the adult learner makes which statement? "I exercise for 30 minutes 5 times a week." 3 multiple choice options Signs of intimate partner violence include: (Select all that apply.) financial control by partner. erratic prenatal care. self-blame for marital problems. cycle of violence in partner. substance abuse in partner. erratic prenatal care. self-blame for marital problems. cycle of violence in partner. substance abuse in partner. 3 multiple choice options The health-care worker recommends that the young adult take up weight training for fitness and counsels that such activity should be: (Select all that apply.) moderate to high intensity. performed 2 or more days a week. intense enough to involve all major muscle groups. supervised and directed by a trainer. prescribed by a physician. moderate to high intensity. performed 2 or more days a week. intense enough to involve all major muscle groups. 3 multiple choice options Most young adults have ceased to grow when the __________ of the long bones fuse. epiphyses 3 multiple choice options The health-care worker cautions the 30-year-old woman that at her age there is an increased risk for injuries due to muscle mass being replaced by_________. fatty tissue 3 multiple choice options Successful learning for adults always involves relating the information they are learning to the _____________________ they are experiencing. developmental tasks 3 multiple choice options Health maintenance during middle adulthood should be directed toward: preventing illnesses due to lifestyle and physiological changes 3 multiple choice options According to Erikson, the primary task of middle adulthood is contributing positively to family and community, also known as _________________. Failure to achieve this task may result in stagnation. generativity 3 multiple choice options A 50-year-old woman visits the women's health clinic stating her last menstrual period was 6 months ago. Since that time, she has been experiencing palpitations and hot flashes. The health-care worker should suspect that her symptoms are related to: menopause 3 multiple choice options Many middle-aged adults desire to return to school to continue an education interrupted by career, family, and childrearing. When counseling these adults, an important factor to consider is that: maintaining optimum cognitive functioning is necessary to prevent a decrease in problem solving skills 3 multiple choice options To enhance success for health teaching to middle-aged adults, the health-care worker should: provide information related to health concerns and stressors common to the age-group 3 multiple choice options When assessing a middle-aged person, the health-care worker should be sensitive to the fact that these persons are uniquely challenged by: attempting to meet the needs of both their children and their parents 3 multiple choice options While discussing health promotion and maintenance to a group of middle-aged men, the health-care worker advises that men should make as a priority to have an annual: screen for prostate cancer 3 multiple choice options A middle-aged man says that he is taking up a strenuous exercise program to increase his testosterone level and his libido. The best response to this information would be: "Excessive exercise may actually decrease your testosterone level." 3 multiple choice options A 52-year-old woman who is recently divorced and has just sent her last child to college says she just does not understand why she is feeling so "low and alone." She states she is not sleeping well and has no energy for anything. These most likely are symptoms of: the "empty nest" syndrome related to the children being gone from home and stress from the recent divorce 3 multiple choice options A 55-year-old man has recently purchased a sports car, had a hair transplant, and taken up skydiving as a hobby. The term for this behavior as an attempt to challenge the inevitability of the future is known as: midlife crisis 3 multiple choice options The health-care worker clarifies that the concept of generativity means that the middle adult: contributes positively to family and community 3 multiple choice options The health-care worker assesses for the physiological changes in the middle-aged person, which include: (Select all that apply.) redistribution of fat. increased muscle tone. loss of skin elasticity. thinning hair. increasing energy. redistribution of fat. loss of skin elasticity. thinning hair. 3 multiple choice options In addition to the Eriksonian crisis, middle-aged persons have other developmental tasks, which include: (Select all that apply.) managing finances. nurturing their marriage. maintaining social relationships. managing the household. developing an ego ideal. managing finances. nurturing their marriage. maintaining social relationships. managing the household. 3 multiple choice options Normal newborn heart rate 110-160 Normal newborn raspatory rate 30-60 Where do we take a newborns heart rate Apical Normal newborn temperature 97.7-98.6 Where do we take a newborns temperature Axillary Normal newborns blood pressure (Systolic) 65-95 Normal newborns blood pressure (Dystolic) 30-60 How long dose it take for a newborn to gain back their birth weight 2 weeks Umbilical cord care Air dry When should a baby with a circumcision void within 12 hours How long dose transitional stool last for 3-5 days What is gestational age time baby spent in utero How long dose it take for milk to flow in a mothers breast 71 hours What is a normal % of baby weight a baby can loose 10% What two medications need to be given to a newborn within one hour of birth Vitamin K and Erythromycin Anterior frontal Dimond shaped, takes 12-18 months to close Posterior frontal Triangle shaped, takes 2-3 moths to close What is erythromycin given for gonorrhea/chlamydia eye infection What is vitamin k given for prevention of bleeding What dressing do we use in a circumcision Vaseline gauze Caput succedaneum swelling that crosses suture lines Cephalohematoma blood accumulation that does not cross sutures Port-wine stain birth mark flat, purple-red, permanent Mongolian spots birth mark blue/gray patches on buttocks Strawberry hemangioma birth mark raised, bright red, soft lump made of blood vessels Normal APGAR score 7-10 Kangaroo care Skin-to skin APGAR appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration Evaporation wet baby Conduction cold surface Convection drafts Radiation cold window/walls How long dose it take for a premi baby to catch up 2 years What position do we put a spina bifida baby on prone What is spina bifida related to Folic acid deficiency How long after a baby is born can we take a metabolic screen 24 hours Hypoglycemic baby range 40mg?dL Clef lip treatment Cheiloplasty Palmar grasp reflex fingers close around something placed in palm Tonic neck reflex turns head to one side with arm and leg extended on the same side Moro reflex arms extended and fingers fan when startled Rooting reflex touch cheek and baby turns towards stimulus to find "nipple" Kernicterus nervous system damage caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood Raspatory distress syndrome (RDS) is associated with inadequate quantity of what surfactant at what gestational age is an infant expected to have an adequate quality of surfactant 34 weeks What is necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) bowel wall inflammation, tissue, death, infection hydrocephalus accumulation of cerebral spinal fluid within the brains vessels ortolans sign suggests developmental hip dysplassia Pavlik harness treatment of developmental hip dysplasia Transient tachypnea of a newborn (TTN) rapid breathing of newborns caused by a delay in cleaning fetal lung fluid prevention of neural tube defects 400mg of folic acid a day by pregnant mother Phenylketonuria (PKU) a genetic metabolic disorder where the baby cannot break down phenylalanine, an amino acid found in protein Phototherapy special blue lights to break down excess bilirubin in the skin so the baby can excrete it Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) lung disease that requires oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation VP shunt tube placed in the brain's ventricles that drains excess cerebrospinal fluid into the abdomen Ballard Score determines gestational age based on neuromuscular & physical maturity What makes your assessment have sound clinical reasoning and judgement? Purposeful. When preparing for data collection, identify the purpose of the nursing assessment (comprehensive, focused, emergency, time-lapsed) and then gather the appropriate data. The circumstances of the patient's situation may also dictate the nature and amount of data you collect. Prioritized. It is essential to get the most important information first. Complete. As much as possible, identify all the patient data needed to understand a patient health problem and develop a care plan to maximize the patient's health and well-being. For example, knowing that a patient has lost weight is not fully meaningful until you discover (1) if the weight loss was intentional or unintentional, (2) if it was related to a change in eating or exercise patterns or to some underlying pathologic condition, and (3) how the patient views and is responding to the weight loss. Systematic. Using a systematic way to gather data, you will always know if you've missed something important. Factual and a Initial Assessment The initial assessment is performed shortly after the patient is admitted to a healthcare facility or service. The purpose of this assessment is to establish a complete database for problem identification and care planning. Focused Assessment In a focused assessment, the nurse gathers data about a specific problem that has already been identified. Helpful questions include: What are your signs and symptoms? When did they start? Were you doing anything different than usual when they started? What makes your symptoms better? Worse? Are you taking any remedies (medical or natural) for your symptoms? Quick priority assessments (QPAs) Short, focused, prioritized assessments you do to gain the most important information you need to have first. They are important because they can "flag" existing problems and risks Emergency Assessment When a patient presents with a physiologic or psychological crisis, the nurse performs an emergency assessment to identify life-threatening problems. Time-lapsed Assessment The time-lapsed assessment is scheduled to compare a patient's current status to the baseline data obtained earlier. The Patient centered assessment method (PCAM) The PCAM assessment tool helps you ask questions to gain understanding about the patient's: health and well-being—lifestyle behaviors, impact of physical health on mental health, ability to enjoy daily activities social environment—status of employment, housing, transportation, and social networks health literacy and communication skills—understanding of symptoms and risk factors, language and cultural differences, learning difficulties Subjective Data Subjective data are information perceived only by the affected person; these data cannot be perceived or verified by another person. Examples of subjective data are feeling nervous, nauseated, or chilly, and experiencing pain. Subjective data also are called symptoms or covert data. Objective Data Objective Data are observable and measurable data that can be seen, heard, felt, or measured by someone other than the person experiencing them. Objective data observed by one person can be verified by another person observing the same patient. Examples of objective data are an elevated temperature reading (e.g., 101°F), skin that is moist, and refusal to look at or eat food. Validation Validation is the act of confirming or verifying. The purpose of validating is to keep data as free from error, or bias, and misinterpretation as possible. Validation is an important part of assessment because invalid information can lead to inappropriate nursing care. Diagnosing/Analyzing The purposes of diagnosing/analyzing are to (1) identify how a person, group, or community responds to actual or potential health and life processes; (2) identify factors that contribute to or cause health problems (etiologies); and (3) identify resources or strengths that the person, group, or community can draw on to prevent or resolve problems. Nursing diagnoses actual or potential health problems that can be prevented or resolved by independent nursing intervention Medical diagnosis vs. Nursing diagnosis Medical diagnosis refers to a provider's assignment of a syndrome or disease label to a set of signs, symptoms, and other findings. In contrast, nursing diagnosis is a "clinical judgment concerning a human response to health conditions and/or life processes, or a vulnerability for that response, by an individual, family, group, or community. A nursing diagnosis provides the basis for selection of nursing interventions to achieve outcomes for which the nurse has accountability" Data Cluster grouping of patient data or cues that points to the existence of a patient health problem Problem focused nursing diagnosis a clinical judgement concerning an undesirable human response to a health condition/life process that exists in an individual, family, group, or community. Risk nursing diagnosis a clinical judgment concerning the vulnerability of an individual, family, group, or community for developing an undesirable human response to health conditions/life processes The nurse documents validated nursing diagnoses and actual and potential patient problems in the patient record. Health promotion nursing diagnosis a clinical judgment concerning motivation and desire to increase well-being and to actualize human health potential. These responses are expressed by a readiness to enhance specific health behaviors and can be used in any health state. Health promotion responses may exist in an individual, family, group, or community. Patient record a compilation of a patient's health information; the patient record is the only permanent legal document that details the nurse's interactions with the patient Initial planning performed by the nurse with the admission nursing history and the physical assessment. This comprehensive plan addresses each problem listed in the prioritized nursing diagnoses and identifies appropriate patient goals and the related nursing care. standardized care plans prepared care plans that identify the nursing diagnoses, outcomes, and related nursing interventions common to a specific population or health problem. They can provide an excellent basis for the initial plan if the nurse individualizes them. Ongoing planning is carried out by any nurse who interacts with the patient. Its chief purpose is to keep the plan up to date to facilitate the resolution of health problems, manage risk factors, and promote function. The nurse caring for the patient uses new data as they are collected and analyzed to make the plan more specific and accurate and, therefore, more effective. The work of ongoing planning includes stating nursing diagnoses/problems more clearly (both the problem statement and the cause), developing new diagnoses/problems, adjusting patient outcomes to be more realistic, developing new outcomes as needed, and identifying nursing interventions that will best accomplish the patient goals. Discharge planning best carried out by the nurse who has worked most closely with the patient and family, possibly in conjunction with a nurse or social worker with a broad knowledge of existing community resources. In acute care settings, comprehensive discharge planning begins when the patient is admitted for treatment—or even before admission. Careful planning ensures that the nurse uses teaching and counseling skills effectively to help the patient and family develop sufficient knowledge of the health problem and the therapeutic regimen to carry out necessary self-care behaviors at home competently. Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) developed by the Iowa Outcomes Project and presents the first comprehensive standardized language used to describe the patient outcomes that are responsive to nursing intervention The Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) The Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) project defines a nursing intervention as "any treatment based upon clinical judgment and knowledge that a nurse performs to enhance patient/client outcomes" The Nursing Care Plan The nursing care plan (patient care plan) is the written guide that directs the efforts of the nursing team working with the patient to meet their health goals. It specifies nursing diagnoses/problems, outcomes, and associated nursing interventions. Well-written care plans offer many benefits to the patient, nurse, nursing unit, nursing administration, and nursing profession. Primarily, nursing care plans ensure that the nursing team works efficiently to deliver holistic, goal-oriented, person-centered care to patients. Scope of practice Describes the services that a qualified health professional is deemed competent to perform and permitted to undertake in keeping with the terms of their professional license Clinical inquiry the ongoing process of questioning and evaluating practiec and advancing informed practice Direct care intervention is a treatment performed through interaction with the patients Direct care interventions include both physiologic and psychosocial nursing actions and include both the "laying on of hands" actions and those that are more supportive and counseling in nature. Indirect care intervention is a treatment performed away from the patient but on behalf of a patient or group of patients Indirect care interventions include nursing actions aimed at management of the patient care environment and interdisciplinary collaboration. These actions support the effectiveness of direct care interventions. Protocols written plans that detail the nursing activities to be executed in specific situations Standing orders (a type of protocol) that empowers the nurse to initiate actions that ordinarily require the order or supervision of a health care provider. Care bundle a structured way of improving processes of care and patient outcomes: A small straightforward set of evidence-based practices—generally three to five—that when performed collectively and reliably, have been proven to improve patient outcomes. Evaluation the nurse and patient together measure how well the patient has achieved the outcomes specified int he care plan. When evaluating patient outcome achievement, the nurse identifies factors that contribute to the patient's ability to achieve expected outcomes and, when necessary, modifies the plan of care The purpose of evaluation is to allow the patient's achievement of expected outcomes to direct future nurse-patient interactions. Based on the patient's responses to the plan