Exam 1 V2: NUR208 / NUR 208 Mental Health Nursing | Latest 2026–2027 Update | Questions & Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Solutions) – Fortis

Exam 1 V2: NUR208 / NUR 208 Mental Health Nursing | Latest 2026–2027 Update | Questions & Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Solutions) – Fortis 2026 / 2027 Academic Year Q: Professionalism has been historically difficult to define. Early definitions of professionalism included which of the following characteristics? A. Expertise B. Empathy C. Ethical and moral values D. Honesty A. Expertise Q: A registered nurse (RN) who usually uses public transportation has not renewed her driver's license. During a recent car trip with a friend, she took over driving when her friend became tired. Which of the following is true? A. She has acted in a professional manner. B. She may lose her RN license for driving without a license. C. She should renew her driver's license as soon as possible. D. Under the circumstances, she will not be faulted for driving without a license. B. She may lose her RN license for driving without a license. Q: An RN visits a middle school class to discuss the profession of nursing. Which of the following statements is true of nursing? A. Nurses must graduate from nursing school in order to obtain a license to practice. B. Nursing is a vocation that requires continuous education. C. Nurses function autonomously within their scope of practice. D. Nurses must adhere to expected professional behaviors in their lives. C. Nurses function autonomously within their scope of practice. Q: An RN is reviewing professional behavior expectations with a group of new nurses. Which of the following statements should be included in the teaching? A. It is OK to discuss your days at work on social media. B. When you are passionate about a topic, speak up in blogs and forums. C. Your behavior outside of the practice setting is up to you and will not impact your license. D. Nurses may lose their licenses for unprofessional actions. D. Nurses may lose their licenses for unprofessional actions. Q: An RN is explaining to a student nurse what professionalism in nursing means. Which of the following statements, if made by the student nurse, demonstrates teaching has been successful? A. "Commitment to others means I should be honest and accountable for my actions." B. "I should encourage my fellow nurses to talk when they are having a bad day." C. "I should be flexible with myself and my fellow nurses when it comes to the dress code." D. "If I need a day off, I should promptly call in sick to give my manager plenty of time to find a replacement." A. "Commitment to others means I should be honest and accountable for my actions." Q: As the definition of nursing evolved, which of the following nurse theorists focused on the uniqueness of nursing? A. Florence Nightingale B. Virginia Henderson C. Martha Rogers D. Abraham Maslow B. Virginia Henderson Q: Recent polls have placed nursing as one of the most trusted professions because of which of the following? A. Nurses engage in lifelong learning. B. Nurses abide by a dress code. C. Nurses have the skills needed to care for diverse populations. D. Nurses must pass the NCLEX in order to obtain a license to practice. C. Nurses have the skills needed to care for diverse populations. Q: The main purpose of the NCLEX examination is which of the following? A. Ensure individuals have passed nursing classes. B. Provide assurance that the nursing schools are part of the service agency. C. Enable potential students to determine the best nursing schools. D. Ensure the safety of the public. D. Ensure the safety of the public. Q: A recent nursing school graduate is preparing to take the NCLEX. The graduate knows which of the following is true? A. Upon graduation from nursing school, she can use the title RN. B. Because the NCLEX is a national examination, her RN license will allow her to practice in all states and territories of the United States. C. If her home state participates in the compact agreement, she may practice in other states participating in the agreement, but should renew her license in her home state. D. The RN license is a permissive license. C. If her home state participates in the compact agreement, she may practice in other states participating in the agreement, but should renew her license in her home state. Q: The Social Security Act of 1935 impacted public health nursing because it contained provisions for care for which of the following vulnerable populations? A. Disabled children B. Mentally disabled C. Older adults D. Opioid addicts A. Disabled children Q: The decades between the 1960s and 1980s brought about many changes in nursing. Which of the following is a reason for advances in nursing? A. Decreased demand for health care B. Development of specialty care disciplines C. Gender discrimination D. Advances in technology leading to more generalized care B. Development of specialty care disciplines Q: Which of the following is a challenge the profession of nursing faced? A. Because of fear, nursing contributed to the stigma of AIDS in the 1980s. B. During the Korean War, nursing practice grew in field hospitals where supplies and equipment were abundant. C. After the Vietnam War, many nurses were frustrated with the lack of independent functioning of nurses when they returned home. D. Ethical dilemmas led to a decline in the number of hospice nurses. C. After the Vietnam War, many nurses were frustrated with the lack of independent functioning of nurses when they returned home. Q: A nurse supervisor is planning an educational session for her staff regarding improving teamwork among different generations. Which of the following recommendations will reduce potential generational conflicts? A. Involve only millennials in technology decisions. B. Focus on the team as a whole, rather than individual generations. C. Involve only the baby boomers in technology decisions. D. Practice active and assertive communication techniques. D. Practice active and assertive communication techniques. Q: Which of the following is a reason for increasing the use of advanced practice nurses? A. A 2010 Institute of Medicine report encouraged nurses to practice to the full extent of their education. B. Advanced practice nurses serve as an extension of physicians. C. The National League for Nursing promotes the master of science in nursing (MSN) as the terminal degree for nurse practitioners. D. Advanced practice nurses do not have the skills to diagnose. A. A 2010 Institute of Medicine report encouraged nurses to practice to the full extent of their education. Q: Which of the following is a reason for conflicts in professional nursing today? A. Some nurses who had planned to retire but find themselves forced to continue working because of the current economic situation B. Balancing state practice acts, codes of ethics, and standards of practice C. Advances in technology D. Multiple generations in the workforce D. Multiple generations in the workforce Q: A new nurse is thinking about the ways she can demonstrate leadership in her position. Which of the following is true about leadership? A. Leadership is a component of nursing practice. B. Leadership requires a position of oversight. C. Leadership depends on the actions of others. D. Only experienced nurses can demonstrate leadership. A. Leadership is a component of nursing practice. Q: Which of the following statements regarding leadership and management is true? A. Leadership is focused on achievement of organizational goals. B. One must develop the ability to adapt in order to lead. C. Management occurs when an individual attempts to influence another. D. Successful managers encourage others to work together toward a common goal. B. One must develop the ability to adapt in order to lead. Q: Which of the following is a trait that was found to be common among leaders in trait theory? A. Communication of duties assigned B. Adaptability and changing priorities C. Order giving and decision making for a group D. Communication of goal direction D. Communication of goal direction Q: Behavioral leadership theory recognizes three styles of leadership. Which of the following best describes democratic leadership? A. The democratic leader communicates meaning and purpose. B. The democratic leader gives orders and makes decisions for the group. C. The democratic leader does little planning or decision making. D. The democratic leader makes plans and decisions with the team. D. The democratic leader makes plans and decisions with the team. Q: Which of the following is a skill emotionally intelligent leaders must develop? A. Encourage constructive criticism. B. Work to complete all assigned tasks on his or her own. C. Minimize one's own emotions, instead of seeking to understand the emotions of others. D. Encourage others to work efficiently and independently. A. Encourage constructive criticism. Q: A nurse is focusing on improving the ability to multitask without losing focus and to turn problems into opportunities. Which of the following leadership theories describes the nurse's focus? A. Emotional intelligence B. Motivation theory C. Situational leadership theory D. Transformational leadership theory B. Motivation theory Q: Caring is a basic value in nursing and forms a foundation for caring leadership. Which of the following is true about a caring leader? A. A caring leader serves first and leads second. B. A caring leader is aware of the feelings of others. C. The traits of a caring leader include respecting coworkers as individuals and empathizing with the needs and concerns of others. D. A caring leader is fair and honest. C. The traits of a caring leader include respecting coworkers as individuals and empathizing with the needs and concerns of others. Q: The staff in the emergency department has presented the nurse leader with a suggestion for streamlining the triage process, cutting down on wait times. Which of the following qualities does the leader specifically need to implement the suggestion? A. Courage B. Integrity C. Energy D. Initiative D. Initiative Q: A unit manager has been working to decrease the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections on his unit, spending extra time on the unit researching best practices and conducting training. Having completed training, the manager decides to take a couple days off. Which of the following leadership traits is this unit manager displaying? A. Perseverance B. Balance C. Generosity D. Ability to handle stress B. Balance Q: Skillful communication is one behavior of an effective leader. Which of the following describes an effective method of communication? A. A unit manager meets with a new nurse to discuss what is going well and what improvements the new nurse can make. B. A unit manager meets with a new nurse to explain departmental policy. C. A unit manager meets with staff after several safety events to unveil new policies designed to prevent further safety events. D. A unit manager describes safety events that have occurred on the unit to another nurse manager and discusses ideas for policy improvement with the other manager. A. A unit manager meets with a new nurse to discuss what is going well and what improvements the new nurse can make. A new nurse is working on becoming a better follower. Which of the following recommendations should she implement? A. When you disagree with the manager, seek to determine the manager's rationale. B. Share what you have learned only with newer nurses. C. Listen and reflect on your manager's feedback. D. Seek to find a balance and manage your time and energy as you seek to learn about your specialty. C. Listen and reflect on your manager's feedback. A good relationship between a leader and a follower enables the follower to "manage up." Which of the following describes the best way for a follower to "manage up"? A. Provide feedback to the unit manager when the manager asks for it. B. Assist your manager to capitalize on his or her strengths and weaknesses. C. When a follower works with a manager with poor leadership skills, it is best to transfer to a different unit. D. Show respect and appreciation for the manager, even when speaking with coworkers. D. Show respect and appreciation for the manager, even when speaking with coworkers. Which of the following is true about effective leadership? A. Leadership traits cannot be learned from a book. Real life experiences are the best way to learn to become a good leader. B. Nurses can learn to become good leaders by acting as a good leader and by reflecting on leadership qualities they have and those they can improve upon. C. Focus on leadership activities required for the day. D. Take advantage of every opportunity to be a leader, creating those opportunities as often as possible, but only after gaining experience as a nurse. B. Nurses can learn to become good leaders by acting as a good leader and by reflecting on leadership qualities they have and those they can improve upon. Effective leaders must communicate a vision for the future. Which of the following is the best method for communicating a vision for the future? A. Involve others in creating the vision and connect daily work tasks to the vision. B. Encourage staff nurses to openly discuss practice and possible improvements. C. Critically analyze and discuss advances in practice with other nurses on staff. D. Actively listen to the recommendations of others. A. Involve others in creating the vision and connect daily work tasks to the vision. Which of the following is true regarding followership and leadership? A. Effective leadership is more important than followership. B. Good leaders do not need to be good followers. C. A good follower is not just skilled but also self-directed. D. Critical thinking is only required for effective leadership. C. A good follower is not just skilled but also self-directed. Which of the following is the best definition for management? A. A manager is someone who does what is necessary to ensure employees get their work done. B. A manager controls the work of employees. C. A manager gets work done by organizing and controlling a group of employees. D. A manager accomplishes tasks through planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling work groups D. A manager accomplishes tasks through planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling work groups Scientific management and human relations-based approach are two major theoretical management schools of thought. Which of the following best describes the scientific model of management? A. A nurse manager considers methods of motivating the staff to do their assigned tasks. B. A nurse manager commends staff for the work they do, reminding them of the importance of their work and the lives they have saved. C. A nurse manager analyzes the role of each staff member on the unit to determine ways to increase efficiency. D. A conflict between two staff nurses has impacted an entire unit. The unit manager meets with the nurses and entire staff to promote mutual understanding. C. A nurse manager analyzes the role of each staff member on the unit to determine ways to increase efficiency. A new unit manager works hard to get to know each of the staff members on the unit and determine what each staff member needs in order to effectively do his or her job. What type of management best describes this manager? A. Servant leader-style manager B. Networking manager C. Coaching manager D. Monitoring manager A. Servant leader-style manager A nurse manager conducts evaluations with each staff member and reviews the staffing needs for the upcoming year. Which of the following best describes the behavior this manager is engaging in? A. Interpersonal activities B. Decisional activities C. Informational activities D. Transformational activities B. Decisional activities A nurse manager has detected a potential problem with staffing and has asked staff members for their thoughts on the matter. Which of the following best describes the informational activity this manager is engaging in? A. Spokesperson B. Reporting C. Monitoring D. Job analysis and redesign C. Monitoring A nurse manager in the emergency department considers policy changes in the organization and changes in the community, and tries to predict how these may impact the functioning of the unit. Which of the following decisional activities best describes this manager's actions? A. Resource allocation B. Monitoring C. Job analysis and redesign D. Planning for the future D. Planning for the future As a nurse manager rounds on the unit, he speaks with staff, patients, and family members. Later in the day, he is in a meeting with administration. During the conversations he considers how these interactions impact the care provided to patients on the unit. Which of the following interpersonal activities best describes this manager's actions? A. Networking B. Employee development C. Coaching D. Monitoring A. Networking Nurse managers need several qualities to be effective. A nurse manager is working hard to fully understand how patient outcomes are measured on the unit and how budget changes could impact patient outcomes. Which of the following qualities does this best describe? A. Leadership B. Business sense C. Clinical expertise D. Financial Management B. Business sense A psychological contract exists between staff members and nurse managers. Which of the following best describes this relationship? A. Nurse managers provide positive evaluations and in turn staff members do what managers ask of them. B. Nurse managers coordinate multiple departments and supervise multiple staff members. C. Staff members do what managers ask of them and in turn are rewarded through assignments, promotions, and evaluations. D. Nurse managers advocate for staff and support nursing roles and ethical practice. C. Staff members do what managers ask of them and in turn are rewarded through assignments, promotions, and evaluations. A nurse manager works hard to keep employee morale high with the thought that this will lead to effective employees doing the best work they can. Which of the following theories does this best describe? A. Theory X B. Theory Y C. Servant leadership D. Scientific management B. Theory Y Nursing is a stressful position in a stressful work environment. Effective nurse managers are essential. Which of the following skills is needed for a nurse manager to be effective? A. Clinical knowledge B. Managerial skills C. Patient care coordination D. Human resource training C. Patient care coordination A nurse manager is reviewing data from the unit. More than 50% of new nurses hired left within 1 year of being hired. Which of the following implementations should the nurse manager consider to improve retention of newly hired nurses? A. Increase the length of time new hires spend in training. B. Conduct a performance review at 3, 6, and 9 months to review the new nurse's weaknesses. C. Stress the importance of continuity of care to new hires. D. Build the manager's own leadership skills through building relationships with staff members. D. Build the manager's own leadership skills through building relationships with staff members. To be effective, a nurse manager needs both managerial and leadership skills. Interpersonal activities have many concerns that overlap both leaders and managers. However, some interpersonal activities are needed by nurse managers, but are not specific duties of leaders. Which of the following is an interpersonal activity of nurse managers, but not necessarily all nurse leaders? A. Coaching B. Resource allocation C. Planning for the future D. Monitoring A. Coaching Which of the following recommendations is best for a new nurse manager? A. Work hard at becoming the type of manager your staff wants you to be, but balance this with becoming the type of manager your administration wants you to be. B. Remember it can take 6 months to feel comfortable in a new position. C. Start out with mentoring other new nurse managers. D. Engage in extensive personal development. D. Engage in extensive personal development. A new nurse graduate is considering her future career path. She thinks she wants to eventually become a nurse manager. When should she consider applying for a position as a nurse manager? A. When she is comfortable in her current position B. When she begins mentoring other new nurses C. As soon as a position opens D. When she has developed leadership and clinical expertise D. When she has developed leadership and clinical expertise Nursing has its origins with A. Florence Nightingale B. The Knights of Columbus C. Religious orders D. Wars and battles C. Religious orders Who stated that the "function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death)? A. Henderson B. Rogers C. Robb D. Nightingale D. Nightingale You are participating in a clinical care coordination conference for a patient with terminal cancer. You talk with your colleagues about using the nursing code of ethics for professional registered nurses to guide care decisions. A non-nursing colleague asks about this code. Which of the following statements best describes this code? A. Improves communication between the nurse and the patient B. Protects the patient's right of autonomy C. Ensures identical care to all patients D. Acts as a guide for professional behaviors in giving patient care D. Acts as a guide for professional behaviors in giving patient care The NCLEX for nurses is exactly the same in every state in the United States. The examination: A. guarantees safe nursing care for all patients B. Ensures standard nursing care for all patients C. Ensures that honest and ethical care is provided D. Provides a minimal standard of knowledge for a registered nurse in practice D. Provides a minimal standard of knowledge for a registered nurse in practice APRNs generally: Select all that apply. A. Function independently B. Function as unit directors C. Work in acute care settings D. Work in the university setting E. Hold advanced degrees A. Function Independently E. Hold advanced degrees Nurses at a community hospital are in an education program to learn how to use a new pressure-relieving device for patients at risk for pressure ulcers. This is which type of education? A. Continuing education B. Graduate education C. In-service education D. Professional Registered Nurse Education C. In-service education Which of the following is unique to a professional standard of decision making? Select all that apply. A. Weighs benefits and risks when making a decision B. Analyze and examines choices more independently C. Concrete thinking D. Anticipates when to make choices without others' assistance A. Weighs benefits and risks when making a decision B. Analyze and examines choices more independently Nursing practice in the 21st century is an art and science that focuses on: A. The client B. The nursing process C. Cultural diveristy D. The health-care facility A. The client Which of the following represent the knowledge and skills expected of the professional nurse? Select all that apply A. Accountability B. Advocacy C. Autonomy D. Social networking E. Participation in nursing blogs A. Accountability B. Advocacy C. Autonomy Professional accountability serves for the following purpose: Select all that apply A. To provide a basis for ethical decision making B. To respect the decision of the client C. To maintain standards of health D. To evaluate new professional practices and reassess existing ones E. To belong to a professional organization A. To provide a basis for ethical decision making B. To respect the decision of the client C. To maintain standards of health D. To evaluate new professional practices and reassess existing ones An important competency that nurse leaders need to develop in order to lead effectively is the: A. Ability to be firm and inflexible B. Ability to be close-minded and to ignore negative feedback C. Ability to communicate effectively with others D. Ability to follow orders without questioning them C. Ability to communicate effectively with others A unit team leaders who fails to provide directions to his or her nursing care team is a(n): A. democratic leader B. Laissez-faire leader C. Autocratic leader D. Situational leader B. Laissez-faire leader A democratic nurse leader consistently works to: A. Move the group toward the leader's goals B. Make little or no attempt to move the group C. Share leadership with the group D. Dampen creativity C. Share leadership with the group The Situational Leadership Model focuses on: A. both followers and the task B. The task C. the follower D. The behavior of others A. Both followers and the task An emotionally intelligent nurse leader: A. seeks the emotional support of others B. Cannot juggle multiple demands C. Works alone without help D. Welcomes constructive criticism D. Welcomes constructive criticism Transformational nursing leaders have the ability to: A. increase the negativity of the team B. Work best alone C. Define the group's mission and communicate that mission to others D. Pay close attention to the weakness and shortcomings of others C. Define the group's mission and communicate that mission to others An effective leader will have: Select all that apply A. Courage and integrity B. A critical mind-set C. The ability to set priorities D. The ability to provide feedback A. Courage and integrity B. A critical mind-set C. The ability to set priorities D. The ability to provide feedback Effective nurse leaders: Select all that apply A. Are also good followers B. Effectively work together with shared goals C. Never act on their ideas D. Have master's degrees A. Are also good followers B. Effectively work together with shared goals Effective followers are those who are: A. Passive employees B. Skilled and self-directed employees C. Less valuable employees D. Employees who are never supportive of new ideas B. Skilled and self-directed employees Autocratic Leaders: A. Postpone decision making as long as possible B. Share leadership with members of the team C. Give orders and make decisions without consulting the team D. encourage creativity when problem-solving C. Give orders and make decisions without consulting the team What is the difference between management and leadership? A. management focuses on budget B. management is an assigned position C. leadership is not concerned with getting work done D. Leadership is more focused on people B. Management is an assigned position Theory Y emphasizes: A. Guidance, development, and reward B. Leadership, not management C. Supervision, monitoring, and reprimands D. Evaluation, budgeting, and time studies A. Guidance, development, and reward Servant leadership focuses on: A. helping patients care for themselves B. Removing incompetent managers C. Creating a supportive work environment D. Resolving conflicts quickly C. Creating a supportive work environment Effective nurse managers have: Select all that apply A. Leadership capabilities B. Clinical expertise C. Business sense D. Budgeting savvy A. Leadership capabilities B. Clinical expertise C. Business sense D. Budgeting savvy Informational aspects of a nurse manager's job include: A. Evaluation B. Resource allocation C. Being a coach D. Being a spokesperson D. Being a spokesperson When should a new graduate considering taking on management responsibilities? A. As soon as they are offered B. After developing clinical expertise C. After 15 years on the job D. Before developing leadership expertise B. After developing clinical expertise George S. has just become a nurse manager in a long-term care facility. He knows he has a lot to learn-- What should he tell his staff? A. Nothing, he should pretend he has experience B. That he is still learning, too, and values their input C. That the staff needs to manage themselves D. How little he knows about management - - B. That he is still learning, too, and values their input Mara Z .wants to become a nurse manager. She has been offered an opportunity to take a nurse management course. Which topic is most important for her to learn? A. Managing people B. Managing the unit's budget C. Planning for the future D. Redesigning the unit's workflow A. Managing people Scientific management focuses on: A. Interpersonal relations B. Servant leadership C. Staff development D. Efficiency D. Efficiency Which of the following is a major reason newly licensed nurses resign? A. Poor pay scales B. Needlestick injuries C. Unsupportive management D. Lack of advancement opportunities C. unsupportive management. According to Freud, in what order do the stages of child development occur? oral, anal, oedipal, latency, genital The purpose of Healthy People 2020 is to: evaluate accomplishments for years . A health-care worker planning a research project related to teenage pregnancy in his community would include in the initial assessment the health status of the target population. Health status could be best evaluated by the examination of the: birth rate, disease morbidity, and life expectancy. The health-care worker teaches a group of new parents about the "back to sleep" program, which is directed toward the reduction of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) by: placing the baby on its back in the crib. Healthy People 2020 endorses the completion of a high school education primarily to enable a person to: make healthy lifestyle choices. Healthy People 2020 is published by the: Department of Health and Human Services. Infant mortality rates are based on infant deaths that occur: before 1 year of age, per 1000 live births. Although the life expectancy has increased, Healthy People 2020 will focus on the older adult's need for: maintenance of independent lifestyles. Information about morbidity and mortality gives the health-care worker data to identify: high-risk age groups for certain diseases or hazards. A major cause of death for children under the age of 1 year is: congenital abnormalities. The health-care worker advises a young woman who is 7 weeks pregnant to include folic acid supplements in her diet in order to: Guidelines for "baby-friendly" hospitals include: encouragement to breastfeed for the first year of life. The statistic widely used to compare the health status of different populations is: infant mortality rate. A health-care worker who is planning a health education program for geriatric adults based on the goals of Healthy People 2020 would include: fall prevention The role of the professional nurse has evolved to include: forming legislation for policies and practices related to health care. Adults over the age of 65 can significantly reduce their health risk by: getting annual vaccines for influenza and pneumonia Changes in health-care delivery systems have been influenced primarily by: institution of various systems to provide cost-effective health care. The purpose of the state/national government program of Medicaid is to provide: medical care on the basis of need or poverty. The scope of practice for nursing is stipulated by the: Nurse practice act. A student is preparing a report on the history of the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program would acquire the most useful information from: the Federal Register. The Human Genome Project has the potential to reduce health-care costs by assisting health-care providers to: detect illnesses before they become chronic. The Tax Equity Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (TEFRA) established the development of: diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). The roles of the nurse have changed as a result of the national health-care focus on: illness prevention and health maintenance. An informed consent form requires that: the nurse signs as a witness that the patient received the necessary information. A diagnosis-related group (DRG) is: a medical condition classification system that determines what Medicare will pay for health-care services. Prospective payment systems for health-care services: provide payment based on flat predetermined rates regardless of actual cost. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 caused controversy because it mandated: health-care coverage for 32 million uninsured persons. To conform to the national trend in health care, health-care agencies of the future may need to depend on: nurses to plan and implement self-care education programs. Standards of practice are the foundations for: consumer protection laws. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) provides for: confidentiality of medical information. The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 provided money for the development of: skilled nursing facilities. home health agencies. The Patient Bill of Rights ensures that all patients may: (Select all that apply.) select their health-care provider. take part in treatment decisions. expect confidentiality. utilize channels for complaint. Political action committees (PACs) can influence legislation by: (Select all that apply.) providing lobbying creating an awareness of the need for new legislation. contributing money to legislators. Excess death can be defined by: The difference between the predicted number of deaths that occur during specific time periods and actual number of deaths The Whitehall studies found a relationship between employment and illness, specifically that: The lower the employment grade, the higher the risk of illness Compared to college graduates, high school graduates live: 2 ½ years shorter on average What is the most important social determinant of health in terms of risk factors? social class What is one primary hormone released during the body's stress response? cortisol What important finding came out of the Macaque monkey study? The subordinate monkey had developed a larger atherosclerotic plaque than the dominant monkey Most of the poor in the United States are: White What percentage of children living in the United States live in poverty? 21 percent In the cold virus study, they found that: The more years a person's parents owned a home, the less likely it would be that the person would get a cold when exposed to a cold virus How much does chronic illness cost business productivity per year? over one trillion dollars Cultural competence in health care is demonstrated by: adapting care to meet cultural needs. The home health-care worker is aware that the development of initiative may be delayed in a German family that practices a(n) __________ parenting style. authoritarian When caring for an 8-hour postpartum Chinese patient who adheres to the cultural philosophy that pregnancy is a "cold" condition, the health-care worker will remember to: turn up the thermostat. The culturally competent health-care worker helping a Hmong family dress the recently deceased family member will be careful to: prevent metal from touching the deceased. The health-care worker caring for a 3-month-old Korean child hospitalized for dehydration would ask the parents' permission prior to: assessing the fontanel. The young, female health-care worker who is giving admission information to an elderly Muslim man feels he is ignoring her because he: looks at the floor rather than at her. In planning the information sent to the diet kitchen for a Hindu patient, the health-care worker would make a note to prohibit: all meat dishes. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) promotes: culturally competent health care. The health-care worker assesses a new patient for the use of alternative therapies. Such remedies have become widely used because these protocols: have become very popular as they focus on health promotion. The culturally competent health-care worker will inquire if the Native American patient would like to call his own folk healer, which is the: shaman. The use of silence in conversation can mean different things depending on the culture. Silence indicates agreement in the ______________ culture. Russian Culture affects broad areas of: (Select all that apply.) food preferences. parenting styles. health treatment. discipline measures. The family can be defined as: a basic human social system. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities include: (Select all that apply.) acupuncture. energy healing. guided imagery. Deep feelings a person has about what is morally right are called: values Typically in the United States, the comfortable personal space is from 1.5 feet to 4 The health-care worker assesses ethnocentrism in a patient when the patient says: "White Anglo-Saxons will always set the civilization standard." A Spanish-speaking 6-year-old who has started first grade in an English-speaking school spends most of her time alone and seems helpless and unable to function in this new environment. This situation is an indication of: culture shock. The family systems theory proposes that: family functions are interconnected, so what happens to one family member affects the entire family. An example of a blended family is one made up of: a mother, her children, stepfather. When an Asian dinner guest startles his Western host by belching loudly to show appreciation of the meal, this behavior is an example of: cultural relativism. The health-care worker would advise parents who are in the process of divorce to support their adolescent children by: encouraging their pursuit of own interests. A mother with a 6-month-old infant says, "I want to go back to work, but I don't want there to be a problem since I'll have less time to spend with the baby." The best response should be: "Let's talk about child-care options that will be best for the baby." The home health-care worker assesses cultural assimilation when: an Asian woman living in Texas wears blue jeans and boots. Because age differences between siblings may affect family dynamics, there is more affection and less rivalry and hostility between siblings whose ages differ by: 5 or more years. The laissez-faire parenting style: allows children to regulate their own activity; sees parenting role as resource rather than role model. The health-care worker designing culturally competent care will employ interventions that: go beyond the awareness of similarities and differences to implementing care that is sensitive. Studies suggest that viewing violent television programs or playing violent video games may cause: release of dopamine, which affects attention and learning. In the launching stage of the growth and development of a family unit, the focus of the family will be on: maintaining a stable home base as children mature. Parents tell the school nurse that their second-grade child watches television about 4 hours a day. When discussing this issue with the parents, the nurse would best advise the parent that: parents need to supervise the amount and type of television programs their children watch. The culturally competent health-care worker is aware that when caring for members of a culturally diverse population, care must focus on: overcoming their own cultural barriers to avoid stereotyping. A distressed mother of a 2-year-old is at her "wit's end" with the toddler's desire to do activities that may be dangerous. The health-care worker counsels the parent that to assist the child with the development of autonomy, the parent should: allow independent activity in a safe environment. A child who has a brother or a sister in the family unit will have the support to develop: concepts of social interaction. The Children's Television Act of 1991 mandated that television networks: censor the content of programs being aired during prime time. Using family development theory of Duvall as a basis, the health-care worker counsels a couple expecting their first baby that in addition to integrating the child into the family unit, the couple should examine: how they will help each other with household chores. The Family Apgar scoring system to assess family function was created by: Gabriel Smilkstein. Altered sleep patterns, disorganized eating patterns, and social isolation in a 13-year-old who is very involved in social networking could be symptoms of: Facebook depression. Robert Havighurst designed a developmental theory for the learning of developmental tasks for persons of: late adulthood age. While talking with the upset and tearful family of a patient newly diagnosed with a chronic illness, the health-care worker asks, "When something is bothering you, what do you do?" This should be interpreted as: part of assessing the family's coping skills. The health-care worker is alert for signs of _________________after the entire family was involved in a flood that swept their house away. posttraumatic stress After the death of a child, what might the parents exhibit toward the surviving children? Overprotectiveness The health-care worker points out to the family of a hospitalized child evidence that the facility supports family-centered health care by such practices as: expanded or totally open visiting hours. Selected video games with a flickering frequency on the screen can trigger: seizures The parents of two children, ages 7 and 2, are concerned about the language development of their 2-year-old. They tell the health-care worker that their older child began talking in two- or three-word phrases by age 2, but their younger child is still using mostly one-word sentences. The best response by the health-care worker is: "First-born children generally have a larger vocabulary and better conversational skills at an earlier age." The changes that have occurred to the traditional nuclear family over the past 40 years include: (Select all that apply.) decreased daily availability of the father. dual-career parents. expectation that children be more independent. In order to make an effective cultural assessment of a family dealing with a child with a terminal illness, the health-care worker must consider: (Select all that apply.) socioeconomic status. religious practices. health beliefs. significance of the disease to the family. The health-care worker uses as a basis for his or her interventions with children the developmental theory from theorist ______ which is based on the mastery of developmental tasks at specific ages. erik erikson Families who have poor communication among members, who tend to be isolated from the community, and who have inconsistent rules are labeled as ______ dysfunctional What does the Latino paradox from the 1960s describe? Latino immigrants have lower rates of psychiatric illness despite having lower education and income What might be one possible influential factor driving the Latino Paradox? Strong cohesive family ties What are some possible effects of social isolation on health? Increased risk for developing infections, diabetes, cardiovascular disease After 5 years in the United States, what were some health effects on some Latino immigrants? 1 ½ times more likely to have obesity and hypertension By 2050, how many Americans will be Latino/a? 1 in 4 How many minutes does the average American spend commuting to work? 50 minutes How many Americans report taking two or more hours to commute to work per day? 10 million How many Americans report feeling that they have no one with whom to discuss important matters? 1 in 4 Approximately what percent of Latino households are poor? 20 How many teenage female Latinas are estimated to attempt suicide? 1 in 7 The function of Freud's defense mechanism is to: relieve anxiety. To promote a sense of industry in a hospitalized school-age child, the health-care worker should: ask the child to help pick up all the stuffed toys in the playroom. The best advice to parents who want to encourage autonomy in their toddler would be to: encourage the toddler to do things for himself. The theorist who proposed a psychosocial theory that human development occurs as a result of interactions among the environment, culture, and the individual was: Daniel Levinson. The characteristic common to all developmental models is that development is a continuous process throughout the lifespan. Behavior modification is basically designed to: alter current behavior patterns. According to Freud, which must occur before an individual is able to have a mature adult sexual relationship? Conflict resolution Which component of the human personality, according to Freud, allows an individual to judge reality accurately? Ego A nurse is examining different situations that represent the superego component of human personality, as per Sigmund Freud. Which situations accurately represent superego? Select all that apply. A client feels the urge to run away from the hospital but refrains from doing so because the security guard is watching. A client who needs to urinate does so beside the bed instead of waiting for the nurse to assist him or her. A client controls the urge to eat candy because he or she knows that it will affect the blood sugar levels. A client having a craving for fruits does not steal them from the next client because that client needs it more. A client experiencing a stomachache refrains from stealing medications from a friend because it is illegal. A client controls the urge to eat candy because he or she knows that it will affect the blood sugar levels. A client having a craving for fruits does not steal them from the next client because that client needs it more. A client experiencing a stomachache refrains from stealing medications from a friend because it is illegal. A nursing student gives different examples representing the components of human personality, according to Sigmund Freud. Which examples mentioned by the nursing student represent the component ego? Select all that apply. "A client is attracted to the nurse in charge but does not make any moves because there are other clients in the same ward." "A client wants to eat junk food but does not order it because the dietician is keeping track of his or her weight." "A client with insomnia wants to take an extra sleeping pill but refrains from doing so because the caregivers are present." "A client feels that the next client received a better pillow but refrains from taking it away because it is wrong." A client feeling thirsty waits for the nurse to bring him or her water instead of taking it from the next client because he or she knows that it is wrong. "A client notes that the nurse is late in bringing in the food tray, so he or she steals food from the cafeteria." "A client is attracted to the nurse in charge but does not make any moves because there are other clients in the same ward." "A client wants to eat junk food but does not order it because the dietician is keeping track of his or her weight." "A client with insomnia wants to take an extra sleeping pill but refrains from doing so because the caregivers are present A nurse is evaluating different situations on the basis of the components of human personality as mentioned by Sigmund Freud. Which situations represent the id component? Select all that apply. A client wishes to go home and therefore slips out of the healthcare facility quietly without anyone noticing. A client experiencing pain takes pain medication prescribed to a family member. A client feels nauseous; therefore, he or she leaves work midway to go to a healthcare facility. A client feeling hungry notices a food tray at the next bed, but does not grab the food because a nurse is watching. A client wishes to go home and therefore slips out of the healthcare facility quietly without anyone noticing. A client experiencing pain takes pain medication prescribed to a family member. A client feels nauseous; therefore, he or she leaves work midway to go to a healthcare facility. The nurse is examining different statements that represent the stages of psychosexual development, according to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytical model of personality development. Which statement indicates that the individual is aged between 6 to 12 years? The individual focuses on educational and social accomplishments. The nurse finds that a mother severely punishes her 2-year-old child. Which would the nurse advise the mother, according to Erikson's theory? Your child needs support and love or else he or she may develop feelings of shame and doubt. Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which response is the most therapeutic to help an older adult who is struggling to achieve her or his developmental task? Tell me about your past accomplishments. Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which member of the wedding party shows failure to meet their developmental crisis? Bride, aged 25 years, abruptly leaves the church just before the marriage ceremony starts An older adult was admitted to a long-term care facility for difficulties with activities of daily living. Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which intervention would the nurse use to assist the client to fulfill her or his developmental task? Engage the client in reminiscence about past achievements. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, mastery of which task increases a child's ability to cope with separation or pending separation from significant others? Trust Which does the intimacy versus isolation stage of Erikson's theory of development include? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. An individual may often engage in a retrospective appraisal of his or her life. An individual develops a sense of identity and deepens his or her capacity to love others and care for them. An individual searches for meaningful friendships and an intimate relationship with another person. An individual may develop fears, rejection, and disappointment if unable to establish companionship and intimacy. An individual achieves success by contributing to future generations through parenthood, teaching, and community involvement. An individual may often engage in a retrospective appraisal of his or her life. An individual develops a sense of identity and deepens his or her capacity to love others and care for them. An individual searches for meaningful friendships and an intimate relationship with another person. An individual may develop fears, rejection, and disappointment if unable to establish companionship and intimacy. Which statement made by the client indicates the identity versus role confusion stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. I fear that this relationship will not last I like to dress like a boy even though my parents want me to dress like a girl. When I look back at my life I want to get a clear skin like my best friend I do not want to become an engineer like my parents want me to be; I dream of becoming a pilot. I like to dress like a boy even though my parents want me to dress like a girl. I want to get a clear skin like my best friend I do not want to become an engineer like my parents want me to be; I dream of becoming a pilot. According to Erikson's theory, which suggestion would the nurse make to the parent of a preschooler who is worried about ongoing conflicts with the child because of strict behavior standards? You could cooperate with the child's desires within reason to avoid guilt and frustration for your child. Which activities would the nurse recommend to a middle-age adult client to find a sense of fulfillment, according to Erikson? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Attending church functions Visiting adult children in their homes Becoming involved at a local hospital Volunteering to coach for a grandchild's soccer team Allowing independent decision-making when hospitalized Attending church functions Becoming involved at a local hospital Volunteering to coach for a grandchild's soccer team According to Erikson's theory, which behaviors will the nurse notice in 13-year-old students? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Such students want to know Who am I? Such students exhibit the sense of care for others. Such students show eagerness to learn social skills. Such students like to pretend and try out different new roles. Such students show a marked preoccupation with body appearance. Such students want to know Who am I? Such students show a marked preoccupation with body appearance. According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which is the correct order of a child's behavior as he or she ages? The child develops autonomy by making choices. The child develops feelings of superego or conscience. The child concentrates on work and play. The child is concerned about appearance and body image. Which statements by a 17-year-old client who is diagnosed with leukemia reflects Piaget's cognitive processes associated with adolescence? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. My smoking pot probably caused the leukemia. I'm going to do my best to fight this awful disease. Now I can't go to the prom because I have this stupid disease. I know I got sick because I've been causing a lot of problems at home. This illness is serious I'm going to do my best to fight this awful disease. Now I can't go to the prom because I have this stupid disease. This illness is serious According to Piaget's cognitive theory, at which stage will fear of surgery have the most effect on preoperative teaching? Preoperational Which information would the nurse provide about the sensorimotor period of Piaget's theory of cognitive development? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. The child learns that he or she is separate from his or her parents or favorite toy. The child develops a schema or action pattern for dealing with his or her environment. The child believes that nonliving objects have realistic thoughts The child learns about himself or herself and the environment through motor and reflex actions. The child promotes his or her cognitive development and learns about the world through playing. The child learns that he or she is separate from his or her parents or favorite toy. The child develops a schema or action pattern for dealing with his or her environment. The child learns about himself or herself and the environment through motor and reflex actions. Which is the similarity between the preoperational period and the formal operations period of Piaget's theory? Both periods explain the idea of egocentric thought in an individual. According to Piaget's theory, which of these is true about the period of formal operations? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. In which stage of Piaget's theory of growth and development does an infant develop an action pattern to deal with the environment? Sensorimotor According to Piaget, which statement describes the concrete operation stage? During this stage, children are able to perform mental operations. Which is true about the preoperational period of Piaget's theory? The child believes that everyone experiences the world exactly as he or she does. Children develop a scheme for dealing with the environment. Children are able to describe a process without actually doing it. Children have the capacity to reason with respect to possibilities. Children believe that everyone experiences the world exactly as they do. Children have a belief that their actions are scrutinized by imaginary audience. Children have the capacity to reason with respect to possibilities. Children have a belief that their actions are scrutinized by imaginary audience. A nursing instructor asks a student about the development of adolescents according to Piaget's theory. Which statement made by the student about adolescents indicates a need for further education? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Risk-taking behaviors are exhibited. They consider their thoughts to be unique. Egocentric thought is prevalent. Which description by a student of the formal operations stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development indicates a need for further teaching? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. Using knowledge to achieve a goal is emphasized. They have the ability to recognize different answers for different situations. Using knowledge to achieve a goal is emphasized. They have the ability to recognize different answers for different situations. Thinking moves toward abstract theory. There is an absence of egocentric thought. The individual engages in risk-taking behavior. Reversibility in thought is the primary characteristic. The capacity to reason with respect to possibilities is developed. Thinking moves toward abstract theory. Reversibility in thought is the primary characteristic. Sensorimotor The child develops an action pattern for dealing with the environment. Preoperational The child develops egocentrism and animism. What is the similarity between stages 5 and 6 of Kohlberg's theory? Both stages are associated with postconventional reasoning. Concrete operations The child demonstrates feelings and behaviors characterized by self-consciousness. The child is able to describe a process without actually doing it. According to which stage of Kohlberg's theory would a nurse ask a higher authority to reduce the treatment expenses of a low-income client? Universal ethical principle orientation At which stage of Kohlberg's theory does an individual want to fulfill the expectations of one's immediate group? Good boy-nice girl orientation An adolescent tells the nurse, "I do not go to parties that serve alcohol, not because my dad doesn't like it, but because I know this is not right." What STAGE does the statement indicate according to Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development? Society-maintaining orientation A young adult tells the nurse, "Society needs to be educated regarding involving people affected with AIDS into the social sphere." According to Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, what stage does the statement indicate? Social contract orientation According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which statement about conventional reasoning is true? A person wants to fulfill family expectations. Stage 1 Punishment and obedience orientation Stage 2 Individualism and exchange (Instrumental relativist orientation) Stage 6 Good interpersonal relationships (Good boy-nice girl orientation) Social order (Society-maintaining orientation) Social contract orientation Which of these statements are true about an adolescent according to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development? Select all that apply. "An individual's response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority and rules." "An individual recognizes that there is more than one correct view." "An individual's thoughts are influenced by moral decisions and behaviors." "An individual expands his or her focus from a relationship with others to societal concerns." "An individual wants to win the approval of and maintain the expectations of one's immediate group." "An individual's thoughts are influenced by moral decisions and behaviors." "An individual expands his or her focus from a relationship with others to societal concerns." According to Kohlberg's development of moral reasoning, at which phase of life would a child develop premoral orientation? Preschool The registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. Which information provided by the registered nurse regarding 'Preconventional Reasoning' needs correction? "In this level, the client sees moral reasoning based on his or her own personal internalization of societal and others' expectations." A registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. Which information provided by the registered nurse regarding Postconventional Reasoning needs correction? "In this level, emphasis is given on social rules and a community-centered approach." A nursing student is listing various stages of Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development. Which situation indicates that the individual has reached the Instrumental Relativist Orientation stage? "An individual identifies that there is more than one right view." Which statement is true of the middle childhood stage a