NSG 313 HEENT and Cranial nerves*
What does HEENT stand for? Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Throat
What is the primary function of To protect the brain and sensory organs.
the cranium?
How many facial bones are there? 14 facial bones.
What is the mandible? The jawbone, which is a modified hinge joint.
What is the significance of C1-C7 in They are the cervical vertebrae that support the cranium.
relation to the cranium?
What does OLDCART stand for in Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristic symptoms, Associated manifestations,
headache assessment? Relieving factors, Treatment.
What percentage of headaches are 90% of headaches.
classified as primary headaches?
What are the three types of Tension, Migraine, Cluster.
primary headaches?
What characterizes a tension headache? Bilateral, steady pressing or tightening, mild to moderate intensity.
What are common symptoms of migraines? Throbbing pain, often unilateral, with potential aura, nausea, and photophobia.
A severe, unilateral headache typically located around the eye, with abrupt onset
What is a cluster headache?
and associated autonomic symptoms.
What are secondary headaches? Headaches that arise from an underlying condition, which may be life-threatening.
What are some red flags for headaches Systemic signs, Neurologic deficits, Onset (new/sudden), Other associated conditions,
indicated by SNOOP? Prior history of headaches.
What is papilledema? Swelling of the optic nerve, often associated with severe headaches.
What facial features might indicate Cushing A round or moon face with red cheeks and excessive hair growth.
syndrome?
What are the characteristics of Enlargement of bones and soft tissues, leading to an elongated head and
acromegaly? prominent facial features.
, What does cranial nerve V (Trigeminal) Motor function of jaw muscles and sensory function of the face.
assess?
How is the corneal reflex tested? By lightly touching the cornea with a wisp of cotton to observe blinking.
What does cranial nerve VII (Facial) Motor functions of facial expressions and sensory functions for taste.
control?
What is the difference between peripheral Peripheral lesions (e.g., Bell's Palsy) cause unilateral facial paralysis, while central
and central lesions of CN VII? lesions (e.g., CVA) affect facial movement differently.
What are common health history concerns Changes in vision, diplopia, strabismus, and blurring.
related to the eyes?
What is the typical presentation of a post- Dull, aching, constant pain that can onset within 7 days and last up to 1 year.
concussion headache?
What is the common treatment for tension Massage or relaxation techniques.
headaches?
What symptoms are associated with cluster Sharp, intense pain, often with lacrimation, rhinorrhea, and ptosis.
headaches?
What type of headache is often described Subarachnoid hemorrhage headache.
as 'the worst headache of my life'?
What are common symptoms associated Redness, itching, discharge, pain, tearing, and photophobia.
with eye issues?
What is hyperopia? Farsightedness.
What is presbyopia? Vision changes associated with aging.
What is myopia? Nearsightedness.
What are scotomas? Areas of lost or depressed vision.
What does a history of flashing lights in It may indicate a detached retina.
vision suggest?
What is the palpebral fissure? The opening between the eyelids.
What does a Snellen chart measure? Visual acuity.
What is considered legally blind on the 20/200 vision.
Snellen scale?
What does PERRLA stand for? Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and Accommodation.
What is the function of the oculomotor Controls pupil constriction and eye movement.
nerve (CN III)?
What is ptosis? Drooping of the upper eyelid.
What does entropion refer to? Inward turning of the lower eyelid.
What is ectropion? Outward turning of the lower eyelid.
What is the direct pupillary light reflex? Contraction of the pupil in the eye exposed to light.
What is the consensual pupillary light Contraction of the opposite pupil when one eye is exposed to light.
reflex?
What does accommodation refer to in eye The ability of the eyes to focus on near objects.
function?
What are common causes of red eyes? Conjunctivitis, subconjunctival hemorrhage, corneal injury, and acute iritis.
What is the significance of unequal pupil It can indicate CNS injury.
size?
What does HEENT stand for? Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Throat
What is the primary function of To protect the brain and sensory organs.
the cranium?
How many facial bones are there? 14 facial bones.
What is the mandible? The jawbone, which is a modified hinge joint.
What is the significance of C1-C7 in They are the cervical vertebrae that support the cranium.
relation to the cranium?
What does OLDCART stand for in Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristic symptoms, Associated manifestations,
headache assessment? Relieving factors, Treatment.
What percentage of headaches are 90% of headaches.
classified as primary headaches?
What are the three types of Tension, Migraine, Cluster.
primary headaches?
What characterizes a tension headache? Bilateral, steady pressing or tightening, mild to moderate intensity.
What are common symptoms of migraines? Throbbing pain, often unilateral, with potential aura, nausea, and photophobia.
A severe, unilateral headache typically located around the eye, with abrupt onset
What is a cluster headache?
and associated autonomic symptoms.
What are secondary headaches? Headaches that arise from an underlying condition, which may be life-threatening.
What are some red flags for headaches Systemic signs, Neurologic deficits, Onset (new/sudden), Other associated conditions,
indicated by SNOOP? Prior history of headaches.
What is papilledema? Swelling of the optic nerve, often associated with severe headaches.
What facial features might indicate Cushing A round or moon face with red cheeks and excessive hair growth.
syndrome?
What are the characteristics of Enlargement of bones and soft tissues, leading to an elongated head and
acromegaly? prominent facial features.
, What does cranial nerve V (Trigeminal) Motor function of jaw muscles and sensory function of the face.
assess?
How is the corneal reflex tested? By lightly touching the cornea with a wisp of cotton to observe blinking.
What does cranial nerve VII (Facial) Motor functions of facial expressions and sensory functions for taste.
control?
What is the difference between peripheral Peripheral lesions (e.g., Bell's Palsy) cause unilateral facial paralysis, while central
and central lesions of CN VII? lesions (e.g., CVA) affect facial movement differently.
What are common health history concerns Changes in vision, diplopia, strabismus, and blurring.
related to the eyes?
What is the typical presentation of a post- Dull, aching, constant pain that can onset within 7 days and last up to 1 year.
concussion headache?
What is the common treatment for tension Massage or relaxation techniques.
headaches?
What symptoms are associated with cluster Sharp, intense pain, often with lacrimation, rhinorrhea, and ptosis.
headaches?
What type of headache is often described Subarachnoid hemorrhage headache.
as 'the worst headache of my life'?
What are common symptoms associated Redness, itching, discharge, pain, tearing, and photophobia.
with eye issues?
What is hyperopia? Farsightedness.
What is presbyopia? Vision changes associated with aging.
What is myopia? Nearsightedness.
What are scotomas? Areas of lost or depressed vision.
What does a history of flashing lights in It may indicate a detached retina.
vision suggest?
What is the palpebral fissure? The opening between the eyelids.
What does a Snellen chart measure? Visual acuity.
What is considered legally blind on the 20/200 vision.
Snellen scale?
What does PERRLA stand for? Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light and Accommodation.
What is the function of the oculomotor Controls pupil constriction and eye movement.
nerve (CN III)?
What is ptosis? Drooping of the upper eyelid.
What does entropion refer to? Inward turning of the lower eyelid.
What is ectropion? Outward turning of the lower eyelid.
What is the direct pupillary light reflex? Contraction of the pupil in the eye exposed to light.
What is the consensual pupillary light Contraction of the opposite pupil when one eye is exposed to light.
reflex?
What does accommodation refer to in eye The ability of the eyes to focus on near objects.
function?
What are common causes of red eyes? Conjunctivitis, subconjunctival hemorrhage, corneal injury, and acute iritis.
What is the significance of unequal pupil It can indicate CNS injury.
size?
