NSG 3111 NewBorn Assessment and Postpartum
Assessment (lectuer 5) part 1
What does APGAR score tell us? How the baby is doing outside the extrauterine world
Activity (Muscle Tone)
Pulse
What does the APGAR score assess? Grimace (Reflex Irritability)
Appearance (Colour)
Respiration
0 = flaccid
What are the different scores for activity for
1 = some flexion
APGAR?
2 = full flexion
0 = absent
What are the different scores for pulse
1 = less than 100
(hr) for APGAR?
2 = more than 100
0 = no response
What are the different scores for grimace
1 = grimace
for APGAR? (playing with the baby)
2 = cry
0 = blue, pale
What are the different scores for
1 = body pink, extrem blue
appearance (colour) for APGAR?
2 = completely pink
0 = absent
What are the different scores for respiration
1 = weak, slow cry
for APGAR?
2 = good cry
What factors stimulate initiation of Mechanical, sensory, and thermal factors and chemical
breathing?
What is the first breath triggered by? Light, cold, noise, decrease pO2 / increased pCO2 (with clamping of cord)
What does crying mean? Increased positive pressure; air to the lungs, inflation of alveoli
, What type of pressure is required to open Large pressure to move the lung fluid
alveoli?
What is surfactant required for? To decrease surface tension and maintain alveolar stability
What is necessary for newborns as they are Patent nares
nose breathers?
What triggers cardiovascular adaptation at Cord clamping and the first breath
birth?
What anatomical structures close after Ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus, foramen ovale
birth?
Shunts blood away from lungs and liver but when the baby is born, the circulation
What do those structures do?
changes and the baby needs blood to those organs
What happens to blood flow after birth? Increased blood flow to the lungs and liver.
What happens to oxygen levels in the Increased oxygen to the periphery
body after birth?
How long does the transition to First six to eight hours
extrauterine life last?
What characterizes the transition period? Predictable periods of instability
Quiet alert state
What happens during the first period of HR decreases from 160-180 to a baseline of 100-160 bpm
reactivity? RR irregular with possible fine crackles, grunting, nasal flaring, and chest
retractions (should cease by 1 hour)
What occurs after the first period of A sleep period, lasts for an hour, an hour and a half
reactivity?
Increased HR, RR, muscle tone, and GI activity
What happens during the second period of
reactivity? How long does it last?
Lasts for an hour or two
In the first 30 minutes, the first period of Skin-to-skin and breastfeeding
reactivity what can we do?
What do sleep-wake states represent in Variations in the state of consciousness that form a continuum from deep sleep to
infants? crying
What are the two sleep states in infants? Deep sleep and light sleep
What are the four wake states in infants? Drowsy, quiet alert, active alert, and crying
What is the optimum state of arousal for an Quiet alert state
infant?
Why is the ability to regulate sleep-wake It is essential for neurobehavioural development
states important?
A = deep sleeping
Sleep-wake state
F = crying
Do babies see contrast? Yes, high contrast
How is an infant's vision at birth? The eye is structurally incomplete, and the muscles are immature
When does visual accommodation improve Over the first 3 months of life
in infants?
When does an infant's vision become as By 6 months
acute as an adult's?
Assessment (lectuer 5) part 1
What does APGAR score tell us? How the baby is doing outside the extrauterine world
Activity (Muscle Tone)
Pulse
What does the APGAR score assess? Grimace (Reflex Irritability)
Appearance (Colour)
Respiration
0 = flaccid
What are the different scores for activity for
1 = some flexion
APGAR?
2 = full flexion
0 = absent
What are the different scores for pulse
1 = less than 100
(hr) for APGAR?
2 = more than 100
0 = no response
What are the different scores for grimace
1 = grimace
for APGAR? (playing with the baby)
2 = cry
0 = blue, pale
What are the different scores for
1 = body pink, extrem blue
appearance (colour) for APGAR?
2 = completely pink
0 = absent
What are the different scores for respiration
1 = weak, slow cry
for APGAR?
2 = good cry
What factors stimulate initiation of Mechanical, sensory, and thermal factors and chemical
breathing?
What is the first breath triggered by? Light, cold, noise, decrease pO2 / increased pCO2 (with clamping of cord)
What does crying mean? Increased positive pressure; air to the lungs, inflation of alveoli
, What type of pressure is required to open Large pressure to move the lung fluid
alveoli?
What is surfactant required for? To decrease surface tension and maintain alveolar stability
What is necessary for newborns as they are Patent nares
nose breathers?
What triggers cardiovascular adaptation at Cord clamping and the first breath
birth?
What anatomical structures close after Ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus, foramen ovale
birth?
Shunts blood away from lungs and liver but when the baby is born, the circulation
What do those structures do?
changes and the baby needs blood to those organs
What happens to blood flow after birth? Increased blood flow to the lungs and liver.
What happens to oxygen levels in the Increased oxygen to the periphery
body after birth?
How long does the transition to First six to eight hours
extrauterine life last?
What characterizes the transition period? Predictable periods of instability
Quiet alert state
What happens during the first period of HR decreases from 160-180 to a baseline of 100-160 bpm
reactivity? RR irregular with possible fine crackles, grunting, nasal flaring, and chest
retractions (should cease by 1 hour)
What occurs after the first period of A sleep period, lasts for an hour, an hour and a half
reactivity?
Increased HR, RR, muscle tone, and GI activity
What happens during the second period of
reactivity? How long does it last?
Lasts for an hour or two
In the first 30 minutes, the first period of Skin-to-skin and breastfeeding
reactivity what can we do?
What do sleep-wake states represent in Variations in the state of consciousness that form a continuum from deep sleep to
infants? crying
What are the two sleep states in infants? Deep sleep and light sleep
What are the four wake states in infants? Drowsy, quiet alert, active alert, and crying
What is the optimum state of arousal for an Quiet alert state
infant?
Why is the ability to regulate sleep-wake It is essential for neurobehavioural development
states important?
A = deep sleeping
Sleep-wake state
F = crying
Do babies see contrast? Yes, high contrast
How is an infant's vision at birth? The eye is structurally incomplete, and the muscles are immature
When does visual accommodation improve Over the first 3 months of life
in infants?
When does an infant's vision become as By 6 months
acute as an adult's?
