NGR 6200 – Fundamentals Practice Exam 5
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES Q&A |INSTANT
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1. Which structure is primarily responsible for filtering blood
and forming urine?
A. Ureter
B. Renal pelvis
C. Nephron
D. Bladder
Rationale:
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for
filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and urine formation.
2. Which electrolyte imbalance is most associated with cardiac
dysrhythmias?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
,Rationale:
Hyperkalemia alters cardiac conduction and can lead to life-
threatening arrhythmias.
3. Which hormone is responsible for regulating water
reabsorption in the kidneys?
A. Aldosterone
B. Cortisol
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D. Insulin
Rationale:
ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts,
helping regulate fluid balance.
4. The normal pH range of arterial blood is:
A. 6.8–7.0
B. 7.0–7.2
C. 7.35–7.45
D. 7.50–7.60
Rationale:
7.35–7.45 is the normal arterial pH range required for proper
cellular function.
,5. Which part of the brain regulates body temperature,
hunger, and thirst?
A. Cerebellum
B. Medulla
C. Hypothalamus
D. Thalamus
Rationale:
The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis including
temperature regulation, hunger, thirst, and hormonal control.
6. Which laboratory value is most useful in assessing kidney
function?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Sodium
C. Creatinine
D. Platelets
Rationale:
Serum creatinine reflects glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and is
a key indicator of kidney function.
7. Which immune cell is primarily responsible for producing
antibodies?
A. T lymphocyte
B. Neutrophil
, C. Macrophage
D. B lymphocyte
Rationale:
B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells that produce
antibodies for humoral immunity.
8. Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
A. CN III
B. CN IV
C. CN II
D. CN V
Rationale:
Optic nerve (CN II) transmits visual information from the retina
to the brain.
9. Which heart valve prevents backflow from the left ventricle
into the left atrium?
A. Pulmonary valve
B. Aortic valve
C. Tricuspid valve
D. Mitral valve
Rationale:
The mitral valve ensures one-way blood flow between the left
atrium and left ventricle.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES Q&A |INSTANT
DOWNLOAD PDF
1. Which structure is primarily responsible for filtering blood
and forming urine?
A. Ureter
B. Renal pelvis
C. Nephron
D. Bladder
Rationale:
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for
filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and urine formation.
2. Which electrolyte imbalance is most associated with cardiac
dysrhythmias?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
,Rationale:
Hyperkalemia alters cardiac conduction and can lead to life-
threatening arrhythmias.
3. Which hormone is responsible for regulating water
reabsorption in the kidneys?
A. Aldosterone
B. Cortisol
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D. Insulin
Rationale:
ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts,
helping regulate fluid balance.
4. The normal pH range of arterial blood is:
A. 6.8–7.0
B. 7.0–7.2
C. 7.35–7.45
D. 7.50–7.60
Rationale:
7.35–7.45 is the normal arterial pH range required for proper
cellular function.
,5. Which part of the brain regulates body temperature,
hunger, and thirst?
A. Cerebellum
B. Medulla
C. Hypothalamus
D. Thalamus
Rationale:
The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis including
temperature regulation, hunger, thirst, and hormonal control.
6. Which laboratory value is most useful in assessing kidney
function?
A. Hemoglobin
B. Sodium
C. Creatinine
D. Platelets
Rationale:
Serum creatinine reflects glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and is
a key indicator of kidney function.
7. Which immune cell is primarily responsible for producing
antibodies?
A. T lymphocyte
B. Neutrophil
, C. Macrophage
D. B lymphocyte
Rationale:
B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma cells that produce
antibodies for humoral immunity.
8. Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
A. CN III
B. CN IV
C. CN II
D. CN V
Rationale:
Optic nerve (CN II) transmits visual information from the retina
to the brain.
9. Which heart valve prevents backflow from the left ventricle
into the left atrium?
A. Pulmonary valve
B. Aortic valve
C. Tricuspid valve
D. Mitral valve
Rationale:
The mitral valve ensures one-way blood flow between the left
atrium and left ventricle.
