GLPH 171 EXAM LATEST
Health (WHO Definition 1946) - ANSWERS-A state of complete
physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity
Health (Frankish et. al 1996) - ANSWERS-The capacity of people to
adapt to, respond to, or control life's challenges and changes
"Functional Definition"
Disease - ANSWERS-The biological or physical malady affecting the
body
Sickness - ANSWERS-Social acknowledgement of impairment of
affliction
Illness - ANSWERS-Perception of dysfunction by an afflicting
individual
The Relationships: Disease Without Ilness - ANSWERS-Hypertension
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PAGE
1
, GLPH 171 EXAM LATEST
- HBP can lead to heart attack but patient does not feel ill and does not
seek care
The Relationships: Ilness without Disease - ANSWERS-Hypochondriac
(anxiety)
Feeling of being ill, but nothing wrong despite extensive medical testing
The Relationships: Ilness without Sickness - ANSWERS-Headache
Feeling of being ill, requires doctor's note for absense
Health and Disease - ANSWERS-- Not necessarily opposites
Disease (Yes)
Healthy well managed type 1 diabetic
Unhealthy late stage cancer
Healthy vibrant neighbour
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PAGE
2
, GLPH 171 EXAM LATEST
Unhealthy overworked teacher
Disease (No)
Factors that cause disease - ANSWERS-1. germs
2. genetics
3. lifestyle
4. multifactorial disease (epigenetics, environmental)
Factors that cause disease: germs - ANSWERS-- prominent in the 19th
century
1. Kach
- germs are in diseased individuals and are absent in the rest, they can be
isolated/cultured, germs cause disease in healthy hosts, and germs can be
re-isolated from newly diseased (ignores social context + genetic
origins)
2. Lister
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PAGE
3
, GLPH 171 EXAM LATEST
- sepsis (infection) caused by pollen-like dust containing surgical
wounds, antiseptics (carboxylic acid) should prevent wound infections
(surgical mortality 45%->15%)
3. Pasteur
- first pastuated germ theory of disease, principals on microbial
fermentation + sterilization, described heat treatment of milk/wine
"pasteurization"
Factors that cause disease: genetics - ANSWERS-- interplay between
genetics and environment
1. emphasizes hereditary vulnerability
2. focuses on individual, not society
Factors that cause disease: lifestyle - ANSWERS-- behaviourally-driven
- smoking, alcohol, fatty foods
- emphasizes individual behaviour change
Factors that cause disease: multifactorial disease (epigenetics,
environmental) - ANSWERS-- epigenetics: specific gene ↑ risk of a
disease (ex. BRCA and breast cancer
END OF
PAGE
4
Health (WHO Definition 1946) - ANSWERS-A state of complete
physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity
Health (Frankish et. al 1996) - ANSWERS-The capacity of people to
adapt to, respond to, or control life's challenges and changes
"Functional Definition"
Disease - ANSWERS-The biological or physical malady affecting the
body
Sickness - ANSWERS-Social acknowledgement of impairment of
affliction
Illness - ANSWERS-Perception of dysfunction by an afflicting
individual
The Relationships: Disease Without Ilness - ANSWERS-Hypertension
END OF
PAGE
1
, GLPH 171 EXAM LATEST
- HBP can lead to heart attack but patient does not feel ill and does not
seek care
The Relationships: Ilness without Disease - ANSWERS-Hypochondriac
(anxiety)
Feeling of being ill, but nothing wrong despite extensive medical testing
The Relationships: Ilness without Sickness - ANSWERS-Headache
Feeling of being ill, requires doctor's note for absense
Health and Disease - ANSWERS-- Not necessarily opposites
Disease (Yes)
Healthy well managed type 1 diabetic
Unhealthy late stage cancer
Healthy vibrant neighbour
END OF
PAGE
2
, GLPH 171 EXAM LATEST
Unhealthy overworked teacher
Disease (No)
Factors that cause disease - ANSWERS-1. germs
2. genetics
3. lifestyle
4. multifactorial disease (epigenetics, environmental)
Factors that cause disease: germs - ANSWERS-- prominent in the 19th
century
1. Kach
- germs are in diseased individuals and are absent in the rest, they can be
isolated/cultured, germs cause disease in healthy hosts, and germs can be
re-isolated from newly diseased (ignores social context + genetic
origins)
2. Lister
END OF
PAGE
3
, GLPH 171 EXAM LATEST
- sepsis (infection) caused by pollen-like dust containing surgical
wounds, antiseptics (carboxylic acid) should prevent wound infections
(surgical mortality 45%->15%)
3. Pasteur
- first pastuated germ theory of disease, principals on microbial
fermentation + sterilization, described heat treatment of milk/wine
"pasteurization"
Factors that cause disease: genetics - ANSWERS-- interplay between
genetics and environment
1. emphasizes hereditary vulnerability
2. focuses on individual, not society
Factors that cause disease: lifestyle - ANSWERS-- behaviourally-driven
- smoking, alcohol, fatty foods
- emphasizes individual behaviour change
Factors that cause disease: multifactorial disease (epigenetics,
environmental) - ANSWERS-- epigenetics: specific gene ↑ risk of a
disease (ex. BRCA and breast cancer
END OF
PAGE
4
