NURS 3100 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE 2026
ACTUAL TEST PAPER COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED
◉ Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) Answer: amount of a
nutrient that nearly all healthy individuals in a particular group need to
maintain health
◉ Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) Answer: amount of a
nutrient needed to meet basic requirements of 50% of healthy
individuals
◉ Adequate Intake (AI) Answer: amount of nutrient most people
consume
◉ Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) Answer: the maximum amount of
a nutrient that should be consumed. If intake increases above UL, risk of
adverse effects increase
◉ Acceptable macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) Answer:
recommended percentages of intake for energy-yielding nutrients
◉ AMDR for Carbohydrates Answer: 45-65% of total calories (1g =
4cal)
,◉ monosaccharides Answer: glucose, fructose, galactose - basic energy
◉ Disaccharides Answer: sucrose, lactose, maltose - energy and Ca/P
absorption
◉ polysaccharides Answer: starch (energy storage) fiber (digestion aid)
◉ AMDR for Protein Answer: 10-35% of total calories (1g = 4cal)
◉ complete protein Answer: comes from animal sources and has all 9
essential amino acids
◉ Incomplete protein Answer: usually from plant sources and lacks one
or more essential amino acids.
◉ complementary protein Answer: combining two incomplete proteins
◉ protein function: Answer: Structure, enzymes, cell signaling
◉ AMDR for lipids Answer: 20% to 35% of total calories. < 10% should
be saturated fat (1g = 9 cal)
◉ lipid function Answer: long term energy storage, hormone production
,◉ Triglycerides Answer: 95% of dietary fats. Energy, transport fat-
soluble molecules. Can be saturated, unsaturated, and essential.
◉ Phospholipids Answer: compose cell membranes
◉ sterols (cholesterol) Answer: animal sources - not required for diet
◉ Lipoprotein Answer: transport lipid through blood stream
◉ very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) Answer: carry triglycerides to
the cells
◉ low-density lipoproteins Answer: carry cholesterol to the tissue cells
◉ High-density lipoproteins (HDL) Answer: remove excess cholesterol
from the cells and transport it to the liver for disposal
◉ Which lipid provides energy for cellular and metabolic function?
Answer: Triglycerides
◉ Vitamins Answer: all organic and required for many metabolic
functions
, ◉ Water soluble vitamins Answer: C and B (B1, B2, B3, B6, B12)
◉ fat soluble vitamins Answer: Vitamin A, D, E, K
◉ Vitamin A Answer: vision (fatty fish, egg yolks, butter, cream, dark
yellow/orange-colored fruits and vegetables)
◉ Vitamin A deficiency Answer: decreased epithelial cell function in the
eye, respiratory tract, GI tract, skin, GU tract. can cause blindness;
Xerophthalmia
◉ Vitamin C Answer: ascorbic acid (citrus fruits)
◉ Vitamin C deficiency Answer: scurvy; a hemorrhagic disease w/
diffuse tissue bleeding, painful limbs/joints, weak bones, swollen
gums/loose teeth; C-sickness, kidney stones, gout, anemia
◉ Folic acid Answer: synthesis of adenine, guanine, thymine. crucial in
early pregnancy to prevent birth defects.
◉ Folic acid deficiency Answer: megaloblastic anemia, spina bifida,
cleft palate
ACTUAL TEST PAPER COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
VERIFIED
◉ Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) Answer: amount of a
nutrient that nearly all healthy individuals in a particular group need to
maintain health
◉ Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) Answer: amount of a
nutrient needed to meet basic requirements of 50% of healthy
individuals
◉ Adequate Intake (AI) Answer: amount of nutrient most people
consume
◉ Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) Answer: the maximum amount of
a nutrient that should be consumed. If intake increases above UL, risk of
adverse effects increase
◉ Acceptable macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) Answer:
recommended percentages of intake for energy-yielding nutrients
◉ AMDR for Carbohydrates Answer: 45-65% of total calories (1g =
4cal)
,◉ monosaccharides Answer: glucose, fructose, galactose - basic energy
◉ Disaccharides Answer: sucrose, lactose, maltose - energy and Ca/P
absorption
◉ polysaccharides Answer: starch (energy storage) fiber (digestion aid)
◉ AMDR for Protein Answer: 10-35% of total calories (1g = 4cal)
◉ complete protein Answer: comes from animal sources and has all 9
essential amino acids
◉ Incomplete protein Answer: usually from plant sources and lacks one
or more essential amino acids.
◉ complementary protein Answer: combining two incomplete proteins
◉ protein function: Answer: Structure, enzymes, cell signaling
◉ AMDR for lipids Answer: 20% to 35% of total calories. < 10% should
be saturated fat (1g = 9 cal)
◉ lipid function Answer: long term energy storage, hormone production
,◉ Triglycerides Answer: 95% of dietary fats. Energy, transport fat-
soluble molecules. Can be saturated, unsaturated, and essential.
◉ Phospholipids Answer: compose cell membranes
◉ sterols (cholesterol) Answer: animal sources - not required for diet
◉ Lipoprotein Answer: transport lipid through blood stream
◉ very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) Answer: carry triglycerides to
the cells
◉ low-density lipoproteins Answer: carry cholesterol to the tissue cells
◉ High-density lipoproteins (HDL) Answer: remove excess cholesterol
from the cells and transport it to the liver for disposal
◉ Which lipid provides energy for cellular and metabolic function?
Answer: Triglycerides
◉ Vitamins Answer: all organic and required for many metabolic
functions
, ◉ Water soluble vitamins Answer: C and B (B1, B2, B3, B6, B12)
◉ fat soluble vitamins Answer: Vitamin A, D, E, K
◉ Vitamin A Answer: vision (fatty fish, egg yolks, butter, cream, dark
yellow/orange-colored fruits and vegetables)
◉ Vitamin A deficiency Answer: decreased epithelial cell function in the
eye, respiratory tract, GI tract, skin, GU tract. can cause blindness;
Xerophthalmia
◉ Vitamin C Answer: ascorbic acid (citrus fruits)
◉ Vitamin C deficiency Answer: scurvy; a hemorrhagic disease w/
diffuse tissue bleeding, painful limbs/joints, weak bones, swollen
gums/loose teeth; C-sickness, kidney stones, gout, anemia
◉ Folic acid Answer: synthesis of adenine, guanine, thymine. crucial in
early pregnancy to prevent birth defects.
◉ Folic acid deficiency Answer: megaloblastic anemia, spina bifida,
cleft palate
