P Exam
3
Study APEA
1. What would cause decrease in Digoxin levels?: Antacids
2. Taking Pyridium for UTI, what can Pyridium cause?: Hemolytic Anemia
3. What can PCOS result in?: Increased insulin levels (Hyperinsulinemia), Androgens,
Hirsutism
4. What are the anti-hypertensives used in pregnancy?: Methyldopa (Alpha-2-
Agonist),
Labetalol, Nifedipine, Hydralazine
5. What is a characteristic of Placenta Previa?: Painless, red bleeding
6. What is a chacteristic of Rheumatoid Arthritis?: Tender, warm, swollen joints
7. Medications that can cause ototoxicity?: Aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, NSAIDs,
antihistamines, nasal decongestants
8. What is the treatment time for enterobiasis?: 2 weeks
9. What does MCV lab value measure?: Mean Corpuscular Volume helps diagnose
different types of anemia such as B12 & Folate (Macrocytic) and Fe anemia (Microcytic)
10. Rhogam is given at how many week gestation?: 27-28 weeks
11. What are Janeway lesions and what do they indicate?: They are irregular,
non-tender hemorrhagic macules located on the hands and feet. Seen in Infective
Endocarditis
12. What are Osler's Nodes and what do they indicate?: They are split pea-sized,
erythema-
tous, tender nodules located on the pads of the fingers and toes. Seen in Infective
Endocarditis
13. What is the recommendation for Warfarin management when a patient
misses a dose?: If within 12 hours of the dose time, take it. If over 12 hours patient will
need a INR redraw
14. What do we need to know about ACEs and ARBs?: A dry hacking cough is a
common side effect of ACEs and will go away within a week after discontinuing. ACEs &
ARBs are indicated for patients with DM, CKD, and HTN. Not recommended as 1st line
agent with African Americans & can cause angioedema.
,P Exam
3
Study APEA
15. Contraindications for Hydrochlorothiazide: Sulfa allergy, PCN hypersensitivity,
Asthma, Gout
16. Systolic Murmurs (Benign): MR = Mitral Regurge (SOB/Fatigue HF)
Peyton Manning = Physiologic Murmur (Asymptomatic)
AS = Aortic Stenosis (Angina, Syncope HF)
MVP = Mitral Valve Prolapse ("Click", Women 14-30, Palpitations, Chest Pain
17. Diastolic Murmurs (Abnormal): AR = Aortic Regurgitation (Angina, HF, Dizziness,
Chest Pain) MS = Mitral Stenosis (Dyspnea, AFib)
18. What does S1 indicate?: S1 Closure of the Atrioventricular Valves (Mitral &
Tricuspid Valves)
19. What does S2 indicate?: S2 Closure of the Semilunar Valves (Aortic & Pulmonic
Valves)
20. S3 is often heard in?: CHF, possibly normal for athletic adolescents
21. S4 is often heard in?: Diastolic HF, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH), Poorly
controlled HTN, MI
22. Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Antiplatelets (Plavix, ASA),
Pentoxifylline (Decreases blood viscosity)
23. Diagnosing Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Gold Standard = Angiography
Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)
24. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) treatment: Aotrvastatin/Rosuvastatin = If
LDL>150 use high doses. Watch for LFTs & arthralgia. Change type & dose if issues. Helps
stabilize plaques.
25. What medications are indicated for HF treatment?: ACEs, ARBs, ARNI w/BBs,
Aldosterone
Recepter Antagonists
26. What is the treatment for Sarcopter Scabiei (Scabies)?: Topical Permetherin
massaged from head to soles of feet and wash off with shower or bath after 8-14hrs.
Treat again in 1 week.
27. Names of skin lesions?: Macule: Flat <1cm i.e. freckle
, P Exam
3
Study APEA
Papule: Raised <1cm i.e. acne
Nodule: Raised >1cm i.e. lipoma
Vesicle: Blister <1cm i.e. HSV, Chickenpox
Bulla: Blister >1cm i.e. 2nd Degree Burn, Bullous Pemphigod
Plaque: Raised, flat-top >1cm i.e. Psoriasis & Seborrheic Keratoses
Patch: Flat, discolored >1cm i.e. Vitiligo & Port-Wine Stains
Wheal: Raised & Red Area i.e. Hives & Insect Bite reaction
28. Keloid: Hyperthrophic scar that is invasive beyond point of original injury
29. What is Tinea Capitis and What is the treatment?: Scalp Ring-Worm. Round,
scaly patches on scalp (Cradle Cap). Treatment is Grisefulvin 500mg with high fat meals
for 4-6weeks
30. What is Tinea Corporis and What is the treatment?: Body Ring-Worm. Red,
scaly plaques on the body or trunk in a ring-like/circular pattern. Topical Azoles (I.E.
Clotrimazole) for 2 weeks.
31. How do you assess Melanoma?: ABCDE (Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter
>6mm, and Evolution/Elevation
32. Signs & Symptoms of Psoriasis?: Silvery-White Scales, Pitted Nails, Positive
Auspitz Sign (Pinpoint bleeding when lesions/scales are scraped)
33. Facts about Shingles (Herpes Zoster): - Unilateral Dermatomal Rash which starts
as a painful red rash (patch) and progresses to blisters (vesicles).
- Post herpetic neuralgia pain is common and can last longer than 1 month after rash
resolves.
- May transmit chickenpox virus to unvaccinated & susceptible patients.
- Treatment consists of Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, or Famciclovir and most effective if started
within 48-72hrs of rash appearance.
34. Facts about Contact Dermatitis (Eczema): - Papules or Vesicles typically 5mm or
less which are red, raised bumps
- Skin becomes dry, scaly, and rough leading to formation of crusts or flakes on
skin surface - If scratched or irritated, the skin may ooze
3
Study APEA
1. What would cause decrease in Digoxin levels?: Antacids
2. Taking Pyridium for UTI, what can Pyridium cause?: Hemolytic Anemia
3. What can PCOS result in?: Increased insulin levels (Hyperinsulinemia), Androgens,
Hirsutism
4. What are the anti-hypertensives used in pregnancy?: Methyldopa (Alpha-2-
Agonist),
Labetalol, Nifedipine, Hydralazine
5. What is a characteristic of Placenta Previa?: Painless, red bleeding
6. What is a chacteristic of Rheumatoid Arthritis?: Tender, warm, swollen joints
7. Medications that can cause ototoxicity?: Aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, NSAIDs,
antihistamines, nasal decongestants
8. What is the treatment time for enterobiasis?: 2 weeks
9. What does MCV lab value measure?: Mean Corpuscular Volume helps diagnose
different types of anemia such as B12 & Folate (Macrocytic) and Fe anemia (Microcytic)
10. Rhogam is given at how many week gestation?: 27-28 weeks
11. What are Janeway lesions and what do they indicate?: They are irregular,
non-tender hemorrhagic macules located on the hands and feet. Seen in Infective
Endocarditis
12. What are Osler's Nodes and what do they indicate?: They are split pea-sized,
erythema-
tous, tender nodules located on the pads of the fingers and toes. Seen in Infective
Endocarditis
13. What is the recommendation for Warfarin management when a patient
misses a dose?: If within 12 hours of the dose time, take it. If over 12 hours patient will
need a INR redraw
14. What do we need to know about ACEs and ARBs?: A dry hacking cough is a
common side effect of ACEs and will go away within a week after discontinuing. ACEs &
ARBs are indicated for patients with DM, CKD, and HTN. Not recommended as 1st line
agent with African Americans & can cause angioedema.
,P Exam
3
Study APEA
15. Contraindications for Hydrochlorothiazide: Sulfa allergy, PCN hypersensitivity,
Asthma, Gout
16. Systolic Murmurs (Benign): MR = Mitral Regurge (SOB/Fatigue HF)
Peyton Manning = Physiologic Murmur (Asymptomatic)
AS = Aortic Stenosis (Angina, Syncope HF)
MVP = Mitral Valve Prolapse ("Click", Women 14-30, Palpitations, Chest Pain
17. Diastolic Murmurs (Abnormal): AR = Aortic Regurgitation (Angina, HF, Dizziness,
Chest Pain) MS = Mitral Stenosis (Dyspnea, AFib)
18. What does S1 indicate?: S1 Closure of the Atrioventricular Valves (Mitral &
Tricuspid Valves)
19. What does S2 indicate?: S2 Closure of the Semilunar Valves (Aortic & Pulmonic
Valves)
20. S3 is often heard in?: CHF, possibly normal for athletic adolescents
21. S4 is often heard in?: Diastolic HF, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH), Poorly
controlled HTN, MI
22. Treatment of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Antiplatelets (Plavix, ASA),
Pentoxifylline (Decreases blood viscosity)
23. Diagnosing Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Gold Standard = Angiography
Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)
24. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) treatment: Aotrvastatin/Rosuvastatin = If
LDL>150 use high doses. Watch for LFTs & arthralgia. Change type & dose if issues. Helps
stabilize plaques.
25. What medications are indicated for HF treatment?: ACEs, ARBs, ARNI w/BBs,
Aldosterone
Recepter Antagonists
26. What is the treatment for Sarcopter Scabiei (Scabies)?: Topical Permetherin
massaged from head to soles of feet and wash off with shower or bath after 8-14hrs.
Treat again in 1 week.
27. Names of skin lesions?: Macule: Flat <1cm i.e. freckle
, P Exam
3
Study APEA
Papule: Raised <1cm i.e. acne
Nodule: Raised >1cm i.e. lipoma
Vesicle: Blister <1cm i.e. HSV, Chickenpox
Bulla: Blister >1cm i.e. 2nd Degree Burn, Bullous Pemphigod
Plaque: Raised, flat-top >1cm i.e. Psoriasis & Seborrheic Keratoses
Patch: Flat, discolored >1cm i.e. Vitiligo & Port-Wine Stains
Wheal: Raised & Red Area i.e. Hives & Insect Bite reaction
28. Keloid: Hyperthrophic scar that is invasive beyond point of original injury
29. What is Tinea Capitis and What is the treatment?: Scalp Ring-Worm. Round,
scaly patches on scalp (Cradle Cap). Treatment is Grisefulvin 500mg with high fat meals
for 4-6weeks
30. What is Tinea Corporis and What is the treatment?: Body Ring-Worm. Red,
scaly plaques on the body or trunk in a ring-like/circular pattern. Topical Azoles (I.E.
Clotrimazole) for 2 weeks.
31. How do you assess Melanoma?: ABCDE (Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter
>6mm, and Evolution/Elevation
32. Signs & Symptoms of Psoriasis?: Silvery-White Scales, Pitted Nails, Positive
Auspitz Sign (Pinpoint bleeding when lesions/scales are scraped)
33. Facts about Shingles (Herpes Zoster): - Unilateral Dermatomal Rash which starts
as a painful red rash (patch) and progresses to blisters (vesicles).
- Post herpetic neuralgia pain is common and can last longer than 1 month after rash
resolves.
- May transmit chickenpox virus to unvaccinated & susceptible patients.
- Treatment consists of Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, or Famciclovir and most effective if started
within 48-72hrs of rash appearance.
34. Facts about Contact Dermatitis (Eczema): - Papules or Vesicles typically 5mm or
less which are red, raised bumps
- Skin becomes dry, scaly, and rough leading to formation of crusts or flakes on
skin surface - If scratched or irritated, the skin may ooze
