Page | 1
UTA 2458 ARANDA EXAM 1 2026
LATEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|
ACE YOUR GRADES.
Cardiac vs. Skeletal muscle - correct answer -Cardiac ->self-
excitatory-does not need an external impulse from a nerve to
trigger contraction
Extra channel in membrane ->Ca2+ which can travel across the
cell membrane making depolarisation last longer
0.25s Vs 5ms
Chamber filling of blood - correct answer -diastole
Pulse pressure calculation - correct answer -systolic/diastolic
Cardiac output - correct answer -The volume of blood ejected
from the left side of the heart in one minute.
Stroke volume calculation - correct answer -SV= EDV-ESV
, Page | 2
ECG/EKG - correct answer -electrocardiogram,
electrocardiography
Pacemaker cells - correct answer -a group of cells located in the
right atrium that sends out signals that make the heart muscle
contract and that regulates heartbeat rate
Pacemaker cells -depoloarization - correct answer -Ca2+
channels open (around 40 mv), allowing huge influx of Ca2+,
leading
To rising phase of action potential
Depolarization of cardiac muscle cells - correct answer -At+ 30
mv, Na+ channels close, but slow Ca2+
Channels remain open, prolonging depolarization
-Seen as a plateau
, Page | 3
Frank-starling law - correct answer -The greater the stretch, the
stronger is the heart's contraction. This increased contractility
results in an increased volume of blood ejected (Increased SV)
Blood loss of the body - correct answer -The human
cardiovascular system is designed to minimize the effects of
blood loss by (1) reducing the volume of the affected blood
vessels, and (2) stepping up the production of red blood cells.
However, the body can compensate for only so much blood loss.
Losses of 15-30% causes pallor and weakness. Loss of more
than 30% of blood volume results in severe shock, which can be
fatal.
Capillary exchange - correct answer -movement of substances
between blood and interstitial fluid
Blood albumin levels/solutes - correct answer -
Blood loss in the body - correct answer -The human
cardiovascular system is designed to minimize the effects of
blood loss by (1) reducing the volume of the affected blood
vessels, and (2) stepping up the production of red blood cells.
However, the body can compensate for only so much blood loss.
UTA 2458 ARANDA EXAM 1 2026
LATEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS|
ACE YOUR GRADES.
Cardiac vs. Skeletal muscle - correct answer -Cardiac ->self-
excitatory-does not need an external impulse from a nerve to
trigger contraction
Extra channel in membrane ->Ca2+ which can travel across the
cell membrane making depolarisation last longer
0.25s Vs 5ms
Chamber filling of blood - correct answer -diastole
Pulse pressure calculation - correct answer -systolic/diastolic
Cardiac output - correct answer -The volume of blood ejected
from the left side of the heart in one minute.
Stroke volume calculation - correct answer -SV= EDV-ESV
, Page | 2
ECG/EKG - correct answer -electrocardiogram,
electrocardiography
Pacemaker cells - correct answer -a group of cells located in the
right atrium that sends out signals that make the heart muscle
contract and that regulates heartbeat rate
Pacemaker cells -depoloarization - correct answer -Ca2+
channels open (around 40 mv), allowing huge influx of Ca2+,
leading
To rising phase of action potential
Depolarization of cardiac muscle cells - correct answer -At+ 30
mv, Na+ channels close, but slow Ca2+
Channels remain open, prolonging depolarization
-Seen as a plateau
, Page | 3
Frank-starling law - correct answer -The greater the stretch, the
stronger is the heart's contraction. This increased contractility
results in an increased volume of blood ejected (Increased SV)
Blood loss of the body - correct answer -The human
cardiovascular system is designed to minimize the effects of
blood loss by (1) reducing the volume of the affected blood
vessels, and (2) stepping up the production of red blood cells.
However, the body can compensate for only so much blood loss.
Losses of 15-30% causes pallor and weakness. Loss of more
than 30% of blood volume results in severe shock, which can be
fatal.
Capillary exchange - correct answer -movement of substances
between blood and interstitial fluid
Blood albumin levels/solutes - correct answer -
Blood loss in the body - correct answer -The human
cardiovascular system is designed to minimize the effects of
blood loss by (1) reducing the volume of the affected blood
vessels, and (2) stepping up the production of red blood cells.
However, the body can compensate for only so much blood loss.
