BSC 201 Exam 1Questions With Accurate Answers Pass Guaranteed.

ecology - Correct Answers the study of how organisms interact with their living (biological, biotic) and non- living (physical/chemical, abiotic) environment distribution - Correct Answers where organisms occur abundance - Correct Answers how many occur there dynamics - Correct Answers how they change hierarchy of ecology - Correct Answers ecosystem, community, population, individual hierarchy of ecology: individuals - Correct Answers the organisms themselves hierarchy of ecology: populations - Correct Answers groups of individuals of 1 species hierarchy of ecology: communities - Correct Answers species that interact with each other hierarchy of ecology: ecosystems - Correct Answers the community and the abiotic environment important question - Correct Answers answering this question matters to lots of parties of interest interesting question - Correct Answers answering this will solve many mysteries or shed light on many other questions descriptive natural history - Correct Answers it is worthwhile, valuable, and important; can be used to document change, and compiled to test "big ideas" hypothesis - Correct Answersproposed explanation for observed phenomenon that leads to a prediction; "because" testable prediction - Correct Answersexpectation of results (data) given a hypothesis; "one will be greater than the other" observed phenomenon - Correct Answerswhat the hypothesis is giving an explanation for; what the main question is about hypothesis or prediction: normal restaurants close earlier when students aren't in town - Correct Answershypothesis hypothesis or prediction: my car won't start because the battery is dead - Correct Answershypothesis hypothesis or prediction: agricultural runoff is responsible for low aquatic diversity in central IL - Correct Answershypothesis hypothesis or prediction: freshmen will eat at the dining hall more often than sophomores - Correct Answersprediction proximate mechanisms - Correct Answershow a trait works; "what detectable changes in animal precede a behavior or trait expression?" ultimate mechanisms - Correct Answerswhy a trait has evolved; "how is it adaptive? how does variation in a trait influence fitness?" proximate answer for why some animals hibernate - Correct Answers-changes in light period trigger hormonal shifts -hormonal shifts reduce heart and breathing rates ultimate answer for why some animals hibernate - Correct Answersfood is limiting during the winter, and migration is impractical, so hibernation (reduced metabolic demands) allows survival through the winter individuals __1__ evolve; populations __2__ evolve - Correct Answers1. do not; 2. do selection acts at the level of - Correct Answersthe individual non-adaptive mechanisms of evolution - Correct Answersmutation, genetic drift, migration; do not result from difference in alleles (traits) evolution - Correct Answersthe change in allele frequencies in a population over time non-adaptive mechanisms of evolution: mutation - Correct Answers-change in nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA -ultimate source of all genetic variation -weak evolutionary force on its own -pretty rare, random, and unpredictable non-adaptive mechanisms of evolution: genetic drift - Correct Answers-change in allele frequency as a result of random sampling -limits variation available in a population -washes out selection -differential survival and reproduction of individuals unrelated to alleles -has a bigger effect on small populations -unpredictable -drives alleles to fixation -COUNTERS SELECTION founder effect - Correct Answersa random subset starts a new population bottleneck - Correct Answersa random subset survives a catastrophe non-adaptive mechanisms of evolution: migration/gene flow - Correct Answers-change in allele frequency because individuals join or leave the population -can prevent divergence of populations -homogenizes allele frequency among populations (can limit differentiation) -CAN COUNTER SELECTION adaptive mechanisms of evolution - Correct Answersnatural selection, sexual selection; changes in allele frequency due to a trait; change populations in predictable way adaptive mechanisms of evolution: natural selection - Correct Answers-survival (and reproduction is due to a trait (ex: the color of bugs on a branch, more brown survive than green bc green stick out to predators) -"surviving to reproduce" evidence for naturally selected traits - Correct Answersindividual with the trait survives to reproduce more often than individual without the trait (brown bugs on a branch survive more than green) evidence for sexually selected traits - Correct Answersindividuals without the trait survive more often than individuals with the trait (huge tail on peacock to attract females survives less, but mates more) requirements for natural selection (Darwin) - Correct Answers1. there must be variation among individuals of a species 2. this variation must be heritable 3. each generation, some individuals are more successful than others 4. this differential reproduction is due to the variation among individuals adaptive mechanisms of evolution: sexual selection - Correct Answers-increase mating success, often at expense of survival -"reproducing" -can attract a mate or win a mate selection - Correct Answers-can only act on existing variation -reflects the past and can't see the future behavioral ecology - Correct Answersthe study of the function of traits in nature behavioral ecology: the four f's - Correct Answersfeeding, fighting, fleeing, reproduction relationships between genes and behavior - Correct Answersall behavioral traits are the result of a gene times environment interaction Konrad Lorenz - Correct Answersstudied instinct and the nature side of genes B. F. Skinner - Correct Answersstudied behavior and said it can be learned ("nurture" idea) the Garcia effect: shocked - Correct Answersrats are exposed to light and a taste, this causes them to learn to avoid light, but not the taste the Garcia effect: nauseated - Correct Answersrats are exposed to light and a taste, this causes them to learn to avoid the taste, but not the light nature vs nurture experiments: common garden - Correct Answers-individuals from two or more groups are reared under identical conditions -if groups are identical: no genetic contribution -if groups are still different: genetic contribution to the differences nature vs nurture experiments: cross-breedi