NURS 4350 Exam QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS||100% GUARANTEED PASS||UPDATED 2026/2027 SYLLABUS||A+ GRADED||NEWEST VERSION

NURS 4350 Exam QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS||100% GUARANTEED PASS||UPDATED 2026/2027 SYLLABUS||A+ GRADED||NEWEST VERSION What is the RIFLE classification for acute renal failure? - ANSWER -Risk for renal dysfunction -Injury to the kidney -Failure of kidney function -Loss of kidney function -Endstage kidney disease (First three are grades of severity, last 2 are outcomes. Measures UO, GFR, and creat) Describe risk factors for AKI - ANSWER 1. CKD 2. Advanced age, diabetes, HTN, CHF, volume depletion 3. Nephrotoxic durgs: contrast agents, aminoglycosides, NSAIDs, ACE-I 4. "Heart-kidney connection" and cardiorenal syndrome: heart disease can accelerate kidney problems; kidney disease speeds up heart disease When giving contrast and other drugs which threaten kidney function, how can we limit the risk of AKI? - ANSWER 1. Exposure to aminoglycosides, amphotercin, and vanco: consider alternative agents, monitor peak and trough levels, monitor renal function 2. Identify high risk patients: pre-existing renal insufficiency, Cr1.5, DM, CHF, dehydration, drugs 3. Prevention measures: screen patients pre-procedure; stop NSAIDs, ACE, metformin, diuretics 24 hours prior to proecudre; hydration 8 hours before and 4 hours after What is acetylcysteine - ANSWER Antioxidant that prevents renal tubular damage, scavenges oxygen metabolites and prevents contrast-induced injury What are the clinical indications of hyperkalemia? - ANSWER -Irritable and restless; anxiety; N/V; abdominal cramps; weakness; N/T; cardiac dysrhythmias -ECG: Peaked T waves, widening QRS interval, V-tach or V-fib How does Kayexalate work? - ANSWER Increases fecal potassium excretion through binding of potassium in the lumen of GI tract How does insulin and glucose work to lower serum potassium? - ANSWER Forces potassium out of the serum and into the cells What kind of access is needed for hemodialysis or CRRT? - ANSWER Double lumen catheter: although both lumens are in the vein, the aterial lumen carries blood away from the heart, while venous lumen returns blood towards the heart What are side effects of CRRT and dialysis? - ANSWER -Hemodialysis: Hypotension, cramping, bleeding/clotting, dysrhythmias, hypoxia, dialysis, disequilibrium syndrome -Peritoneal dialysis: peritonitis, blocked catheter, incomplete recovery of fluid -CRRT: dehydration, hypotension, electrolyte imbalance, hypothermia, clotted filter, bleeding, complications of bedrest List some of the key contraindications that may interfere with a patient's candidacy for kidney transplant. - ANSWER -Malignancy during past 3 years -Active infectious process -Advanced cardiopulmonary disease -High risk for surgery -Non-adherence to current med regimen -Drug or alcohol abuse Describe the need for and potential longterm consequences of immunosuppressive drug therapy. - ANSWER -Purpose: begins at time of transplantation, prevents rejection and suppressing immune system until oral meds can be safely administered and blood levels are sufficient -Consequences: 1. Chronic immunosuppression: opportunistic infection, cancer 2. *Life long monitoring for rejection, infection and other complications of immunosuppressive drugs*: HTN, renal failure, DM, osteoporosis List some common clinical indications fo SIRS and sepsis - ANSWER - 8Temperature 38, 36* -*Arterial hypotension* -HR 90 -RR 20 or PaCO2 32 -WBC 12,000 or 4,000 -Additional: hypoxemia, oliguria, lactate 2 mmol/L