Evolution
§ 4.1 origin of mankind
Creationism -> God made everything
Evolution -> the development of life through change
Paleontology -> fossils are remnants of previously living organisms
Catastrophe theory -> a great natural disaster caused all living organisms to die
(Cuvier)
Evolution theory -> explain how species change and new species arise
(Lamark)
- Struggle for life: in a population of individuals differ in characteristics and the living
environment exerts a selection pressure on their chances of survival
- Survival of the fittest: animals that adapt best to their new environment have a higher
chance of survival
⤷ scientists have supplemented the theory -> neo-darwinian theory
different selection pressure -> any environmental factor that gives rise to natural selection
§ 4.2 origin of new species
variation in characteristics -> with selection pressure, the properties of populations change
-> scientists discovered that mutations in the DNA and recombination of irritating material
cause great variation
co evolution -> when 2 or more species constantly adapt to each other
speciation -> the evolution of species by splitting up a population through a barriers
⤷ allopatric speciation: 2 populations of the same species become isolated from
each other
due to geographic changes
⤷ sympatric speciation: 2 populations of the same species live in the same
geographic
location but evolve differently until this is no longer possible
sexual selection -> preference of 1 sex for certain characteristics in individuals of the
opposite sex
artificial selection -> the breeder chooses to perpetuate only those form with certain
desirable hereditary characteristics
§ 4.1 origin of mankind
Creationism -> God made everything
Evolution -> the development of life through change
Paleontology -> fossils are remnants of previously living organisms
Catastrophe theory -> a great natural disaster caused all living organisms to die
(Cuvier)
Evolution theory -> explain how species change and new species arise
(Lamark)
- Struggle for life: in a population of individuals differ in characteristics and the living
environment exerts a selection pressure on their chances of survival
- Survival of the fittest: animals that adapt best to their new environment have a higher
chance of survival
⤷ scientists have supplemented the theory -> neo-darwinian theory
different selection pressure -> any environmental factor that gives rise to natural selection
§ 4.2 origin of new species
variation in characteristics -> with selection pressure, the properties of populations change
-> scientists discovered that mutations in the DNA and recombination of irritating material
cause great variation
co evolution -> when 2 or more species constantly adapt to each other
speciation -> the evolution of species by splitting up a population through a barriers
⤷ allopatric speciation: 2 populations of the same species become isolated from
each other
due to geographic changes
⤷ sympatric speciation: 2 populations of the same species live in the same
geographic
location but evolve differently until this is no longer possible
sexual selection -> preference of 1 sex for certain characteristics in individuals of the
opposite sex
artificial selection -> the breeder chooses to perpetuate only those form with certain
desirable hereditary characteristics
