Immunology
Q1Define and Discuss Following Term
1 Immunity : Immunity is the army our body which kill the Foreign Material is
called Immunity
Example bacteria viruses
2 Immune System : A system which body Activity immunity
3 Immunology : immunology is the scientific study of immune system how the
body defence against fight infection foreign particles like a bacteria viruses and
abnormal cell like (cancer)as well the understanding human function that cause all
Allergies, Autoimmune system, disease and immunodeficiency
Q2 What is Innate immunity? How body defence
response through the system
Innate immunity is the natural, inborn defense system of the body that is present
from birth. It gives immediate, non-specific protection against pathogens and
works the same way every time, without remembering past infections.
Body defence response through the innate immune system
• Physical barriers
Skin forms a tough protective layer that prevents entry of microbes.
Mucous membranes trap pathogens in the nose, lungs, and digestive tract.
• Chemical barriers
Sweat and sebum on skin contain antimicrobial substances.
Stomach acid (HCl) kills many swallowed microbes.
Lysozyme in tears and saliva breaks bacterial cell walls.
, • Fever
Body temperature rises, which slows down pathogen growth and increases immune
activity.
Q3 Discuss the Details?
a First line of defence
1. It consistent of physical and chemical barriers
2. • It is the outermost, immediate defence of the body against pathogens.
3. • It prevents the entry of microorganisms into the body.
4. • It includes physical and chemical barriers.
5. • Skin forms a tough, protective covering that blocks germs.
6. • Mucous membranes trap microbes in the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital
tracts.
7. • Sweat and sebum on skin contain antimicrobial substances.
8. • Tears and saliva contain lysozyme that destroys bacteria.
9. • Stomach acid kills most swallowed pathogens.
10.• It acts continuously and non-specifically.
11.• It does not involve immune cells or memory.
b second line of defence
1. It consistent of WBC
2. It is the internal, immediate defence system that acts when pathogens cross the
first line of defence.
3. • It is part of innate immunity.
4. • It is non-specific and acts against all pathogens in the same way.
5. • It involves immune cells and protective reactions.
6. • Phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) engulf and destroy pathogens.
7. • Natural killer (NK) cells kill virus-infected and abnormal cells.
8. • Inflammation occurs to isolate and destroy microbes.
9. • Fever helps inhibit pathogen growth and boosts immune activity.
10.• Complement system proteins destroy microbes and enhance phagocytosis.
11.• It works rapidly but does not produce memory.
C Inflammation
A protective symptoms of a body, inflammation body released chemical mediator which
enhanced permeability of blood vessels
● These mediator alert WBC through chemotoxin
Q1Define and Discuss Following Term
1 Immunity : Immunity is the army our body which kill the Foreign Material is
called Immunity
Example bacteria viruses
2 Immune System : A system which body Activity immunity
3 Immunology : immunology is the scientific study of immune system how the
body defence against fight infection foreign particles like a bacteria viruses and
abnormal cell like (cancer)as well the understanding human function that cause all
Allergies, Autoimmune system, disease and immunodeficiency
Q2 What is Innate immunity? How body defence
response through the system
Innate immunity is the natural, inborn defense system of the body that is present
from birth. It gives immediate, non-specific protection against pathogens and
works the same way every time, without remembering past infections.
Body defence response through the innate immune system
• Physical barriers
Skin forms a tough protective layer that prevents entry of microbes.
Mucous membranes trap pathogens in the nose, lungs, and digestive tract.
• Chemical barriers
Sweat and sebum on skin contain antimicrobial substances.
Stomach acid (HCl) kills many swallowed microbes.
Lysozyme in tears and saliva breaks bacterial cell walls.
, • Fever
Body temperature rises, which slows down pathogen growth and increases immune
activity.
Q3 Discuss the Details?
a First line of defence
1. It consistent of physical and chemical barriers
2. • It is the outermost, immediate defence of the body against pathogens.
3. • It prevents the entry of microorganisms into the body.
4. • It includes physical and chemical barriers.
5. • Skin forms a tough, protective covering that blocks germs.
6. • Mucous membranes trap microbes in the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital
tracts.
7. • Sweat and sebum on skin contain antimicrobial substances.
8. • Tears and saliva contain lysozyme that destroys bacteria.
9. • Stomach acid kills most swallowed pathogens.
10.• It acts continuously and non-specifically.
11.• It does not involve immune cells or memory.
b second line of defence
1. It consistent of WBC
2. It is the internal, immediate defence system that acts when pathogens cross the
first line of defence.
3. • It is part of innate immunity.
4. • It is non-specific and acts against all pathogens in the same way.
5. • It involves immune cells and protective reactions.
6. • Phagocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) engulf and destroy pathogens.
7. • Natural killer (NK) cells kill virus-infected and abnormal cells.
8. • Inflammation occurs to isolate and destroy microbes.
9. • Fever helps inhibit pathogen growth and boosts immune activity.
10.• Complement system proteins destroy microbes and enhance phagocytosis.
11.• It works rapidly but does not produce memory.
C Inflammation
A protective symptoms of a body, inflammation body released chemical mediator which
enhanced permeability of blood vessels
● These mediator alert WBC through chemotoxin
