BIO 168 EXAM 2 STUDY QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS | LATEST
EDITION
1. What are the four stages of cellular respiration? - ANSWER Glycolysis,
Pyruvate Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs), Electron Transport Chain &
Chemiosmosis
2. Where does glycolysis occur? - ANSWER Cytoplasm
3. What are the products of glycolysis? - ANSWER 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2
ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation)
4. Where does pyruvate oxidation occur? - ANSWER Mitochondrial matrix
5. How does DNA differ from RNA? - ANSWER DNA is double-stranded
with thymine; RNA is single-stranded with uracil
6. Ossification (Osteogenesis) is the process of __________.
A) making a cartilage model of the fetal bone
B) bone destruction to liberate calcium
C) bone formation
D) making collagen fibers for calcified cartilage - ANSWER C
7. In some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too
early. What might be the cause?
A) overproduction of thyroid hormone
B) elevated levels of sex hormones
, C) too much vitamin D in the diet
D) osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity - ANSWER B
8. Prevention of osteoporosis includes adequate intake of _________.
A) calcium and vitamin D
B) potassium and vitamin D
C) calcium and vitamin E
D) vitamin D and chloride - ANSWER A
9. A joint united by fibrocartilage tissue that usually permits a slight degree of
movement is a ___________.
A) suture
B) syndesmosis
C) symphysis
D) gomphosis - ANSWER C
10.Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in
places where friction develops are called _______.
A) menisci
B) bursae
C) ligaments
D) tendons - ANSWER B
11.Which of the following are cartilaginous joints?
A) syndesmoses
B) sutures
C) synchondroses
D) gomphoses - ANSWER C
12.Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________.
A) flexion
B) extension
, C) hyperestension
D) circumduction - ANSWER C
13.In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with
_______.
A) hyaline cartilage
B) synovial membranes
C) fibrocartilage
D) tendon sheaths - ANSWER A
14.What is transcription? - ANSWER The process of making mRNA from
DNA
15.What enzyme is responsible for transcription? - ANSWER RNA
polymerase
16.What are the three steps of transcription? - ANSWER Initiation, elongation,
termination
17.What is the function of the 5' cap? - ANSWER Protects mRNA and helps
ribosome binding
18.What is the function of the poly-A tail? - ANSWER Stabilizes mRNA and
helps transport from nucleus
19.What is mRNA splicing? - ANSWER Removal of introns and joining of
exons
20.What is translation? - ANSWER The process of making a protein from
mRNA
, 21.What structure performs translation? - ANSWER Ribosome
22.What is a codon? - ANSWER Three-base sequence on mRNA
23.What is an anticodon? - ANSWER Three-base sequence on tRNA
24.What molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome? - ANSWER tRNA
25.What are the three steps of translation? - ANSWER Initiation, elongation,
termination
26.What are the three stages of interphase? - ANSWER G1, S, G2
27.What happens during G1 phase? - ANSWER Cell growth
28.What happens during S phase? - ANSWER DNA replication
29.What happens during G2 phase? - ANSWER Preparation for cell division
30.What enzyme unzips DNA during replication? - ANSWER Helicase
31.What enzyme builds new DNA strands? - ANSWER DNA polymerase
What are the four basic tissue types? - ANSWER Epithelial, connective, muscle,
nervous
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS | LATEST
EDITION
1. What are the four stages of cellular respiration? - ANSWER Glycolysis,
Pyruvate Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs), Electron Transport Chain &
Chemiosmosis
2. Where does glycolysis occur? - ANSWER Cytoplasm
3. What are the products of glycolysis? - ANSWER 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2
ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation)
4. Where does pyruvate oxidation occur? - ANSWER Mitochondrial matrix
5. How does DNA differ from RNA? - ANSWER DNA is double-stranded
with thymine; RNA is single-stranded with uracil
6. Ossification (Osteogenesis) is the process of __________.
A) making a cartilage model of the fetal bone
B) bone destruction to liberate calcium
C) bone formation
D) making collagen fibers for calcified cartilage - ANSWER C
7. In some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too
early. What might be the cause?
A) overproduction of thyroid hormone
B) elevated levels of sex hormones
, C) too much vitamin D in the diet
D) osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity - ANSWER B
8. Prevention of osteoporosis includes adequate intake of _________.
A) calcium and vitamin D
B) potassium and vitamin D
C) calcium and vitamin E
D) vitamin D and chloride - ANSWER A
9. A joint united by fibrocartilage tissue that usually permits a slight degree of
movement is a ___________.
A) suture
B) syndesmosis
C) symphysis
D) gomphosis - ANSWER C
10.Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membrane that act as cushions in
places where friction develops are called _______.
A) menisci
B) bursae
C) ligaments
D) tendons - ANSWER B
11.Which of the following are cartilaginous joints?
A) syndesmoses
B) sutures
C) synchondroses
D) gomphoses - ANSWER C
12.Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of ________.
A) flexion
B) extension
, C) hyperestension
D) circumduction - ANSWER C
13.In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with
_______.
A) hyaline cartilage
B) synovial membranes
C) fibrocartilage
D) tendon sheaths - ANSWER A
14.What is transcription? - ANSWER The process of making mRNA from
DNA
15.What enzyme is responsible for transcription? - ANSWER RNA
polymerase
16.What are the three steps of transcription? - ANSWER Initiation, elongation,
termination
17.What is the function of the 5' cap? - ANSWER Protects mRNA and helps
ribosome binding
18.What is the function of the poly-A tail? - ANSWER Stabilizes mRNA and
helps transport from nucleus
19.What is mRNA splicing? - ANSWER Removal of introns and joining of
exons
20.What is translation? - ANSWER The process of making a protein from
mRNA
, 21.What structure performs translation? - ANSWER Ribosome
22.What is a codon? - ANSWER Three-base sequence on mRNA
23.What is an anticodon? - ANSWER Three-base sequence on tRNA
24.What molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome? - ANSWER tRNA
25.What are the three steps of translation? - ANSWER Initiation, elongation,
termination
26.What are the three stages of interphase? - ANSWER G1, S, G2
27.What happens during G1 phase? - ANSWER Cell growth
28.What happens during S phase? - ANSWER DNA replication
29.What happens during G2 phase? - ANSWER Preparation for cell division
30.What enzyme unzips DNA during replication? - ANSWER Helicase
31.What enzyme builds new DNA strands? - ANSWER DNA polymerase
What are the four basic tissue types? - ANSWER Epithelial, connective, muscle,
nervous
