Primary Care Adult 1 NP Exam 1. Questions and Answers 2026

Primary Care Adult 1 NP Exam 1. Questions and Answers 2026 When does chronic disease present? between 40 to 65 primary prevention immunization, education, cancer prevention, weight control, seat belt, violence prevention, substance abuse secondary prevention screening tertiary prevention rehabilitation, preventing further problems how often do you need a tdap booster every 10 years when should you receive shingles vaccine 60 when should you receive the pneumococcal vaccine 65 ten leading causes of death heart disease, cancer, chronic lower respiratory disease, stroke, accidents, alzheimer's diabetes, influenza & pneumonia, kidney disease, self-harm/suicide prevalance number of cases of a disease at a point in time divided by the percent of the population indcidence rate number of NEW cases morbidity number of poeple diagnosed with disease divided by total population of risk ex. number of people living with AIDS mortality number of people who have died sporadic outbreaks i.e. stomach virus epidemic flu endemic constantly present i.e. common cold OLDCARTS onset, location, duration, characteristics, aggravators, relievers, treatment SOAP subjective, objective, assessment, plan confusion inability to think quickly or coherently; disoriented to time, place or place; impaired cognitive functinoing and inappropriate reactions aphasia loss of ability to express or understand speech apraxia trouble finding words agnosia inability to recognize antipsychotics for confusion Haldol, seroquel, risperdal, zyprexa, abilify control impulsivity and aggression in confusion anticonvulsants - tegretol panic disorders ativan dizziness unsteadiness and feeling of movement within the head vertigo rotation or movement of surroundings peripheral vestibular disease most common cause of dizziness and vertigo; labryinth of middle ear peripheral vestibular disease s/s dizzy, n/v, diaphoresis, unbalanced, vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, diplopia peripheral vestibular disease treatment antihistamines; take for 1 week then taper muscle contraction/tension headache most common; young adults & females paresthesia abnormal sensation described as numbness or tingling, cramping, or pain without know stimulus "pins and needles" paresis weakness paresis causes arterial occlusion, arteriosclerosis obliterans, nerve entrapment syndrome, neuropathy, TIA, herpes zoster arterial occlusion immediate embolectomy within 4-6 hours, surgical emergency arteriosclerosis obliterans diminished or decreased blood flow to legs tremors involuntary muscle movements resting tremor occurs in relaxed position and ends with purposeful movement intentional tremor when patient attempts to make purposeful movement epilepsy 2 or more recurrent seizures because of CNS disorder seizure sudden, involuntary, time-limited alteration in behavior clonic seizure maximal contraction of muscles repeated 3 times a second simple partial seizure no loss of consciousness, unilateral hemisphere complex partial seizure consciousness impaired, bilateral hemispheres automatisms eating, mimicry, expressing emotional state, gestures, crude behavior generalized seizure first clinical sign indicates both hemispheres, consciousness may be impaired and first s/s; motor manifestations may be bilateral absence seizure hallmark is sudden onset, interruption of activities, blank stare, brief upward rolling of eyes tonic-clonic (Grand mal) MOST COMMON GENERALIZED; sudden sharp contraction of muscles, stridor or cry and will fall to ground; lies rigid, respiration inhibited, cyanpsos, tongue may be bitten, may void urine, clonic = convulsions; at the end will remain unconscious and wake with a headache after deep sleep seizure epidemiology present before 5, men women antieleptics dilantin, tegretol, lamictal reduce hyperexcitability seizure GABA agonists counteract tendency to have seizures valium avoid gabapentin and lyrica seizure diagnostics EEG, MRI, CT seizure management check blood levels 2-3 times in first 6 months partial seizures may appear as intoxication Valproic acid 50-100 mcg/ml is optimal level; take with food; AR - n/v, indigestion, diarrhea, anorexia, depression, hair loss absence seizures and myoclonic divalproex sodium (Depakote) take with food, may cause headache, unsteadiness clonazepam (Klonopin) optimum level 20-80 mg/ml; potenetiates CNS depression with alcohol phenytoin (Dilantin) partial or generalized seizure; optimum level 10-20 mcg/ml; AR - ataxia, peripheral neuropathy topiramate (topamax) may cause hyponatremia, weight loss, mental fuzziness, stimulation oxcarbazepine (trileptal) partial seizure; potentiates CNS depression with alcohol ALS/Lou Gehrig's disease destruction of anterior horn motor cell in spinal cord or brainstem; fatal; live 5-6 years after diagnosis ALS s/s SYMMETRICAL; present with gait disturbance caused by weakness or change in voice ALS diagnosis electromyographical studies