FUNDAMENTALS (PNUR 1100) MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

FUNDAMENTALS (PNUR 1100) MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Joint Commission - Answers an independent, not-for-profit organization that evaluates and accredits healthcare organizations recognized nationwide as a symbol of quality Joint Commission mission - Answers to improve health care for the public by evaluating health care organizations and inspiring them to excel in providing safe and effective care of the highest quality and value contributions to a dangerous environment - Answers age and mental state mobility communication pain delayed assistance equipment Fall prevention - Answers morse fall scale Morse Fall Scale - Answers tool used to identify risk factors for falls in hospitalized patients restraint alternatives - Answers monitors (pressure sensors) soft devices strategic safety actions - Answers patient placement patient companion bed at the lowest level frequent assessments ensure the patient always has a call light sentinel event - Answers an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof requires immediate investigation what to do if your patient falls - Answers assess the client call for help/stay with the client! obtain vital signs assist the client to bed (if appropriate) notify the physician or care provider document (be sure to follow all facility policies regarding client falls) every 24 hours - Answers How often does a client's restraint need to be reordered? RACE - Answers rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish PASS - Answers Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep code blue - Answers cardiac arrest use CPR Document abdominal-thrust maneuver - Answers use when someone is choking Beneficence - Answers doing good Nonmaleficence - Answers avoidance of harm respect for autonomy - Answers refers to respecting patients' rights to make decisions about their own healthcare veracity - Answers honesty justice - Answers act fairly and treat everyone equally Accountability - Answers being able to own mistakes acting on sound knowledge and acknowledging that one's actions are their own Advocacy - Answers standing up for the patient Confidentiality - Answers keeping medical information strictly private; a legal aspect fidelity - Answers keep promises Code of Ethics for Nurses - Answers formalized statement that defines values, morals, and standards that guide our practice as nurses initially adopted by the ANA in 1950 this code includes nurses, nurse educators, and students Ethic committees - Answers develops guidelines and standards for ethical decision-making in the provision of health care Inter-disciplinary moral distress - Answers anguish felt when the personal values of a nurse are challenged in their working environment can result in burnout if not properly managed 4 A's to manage moral distress - Answers Ask yourself if your feeling stressed Affirm Assess Act assault - Answers to threaten a patient battery - Answers performing procedure without consent defamation of character - Answers saying false information about a patient; violation of HIPPA False Imprisonment - Answers unlawful restraint or restriction of a person's freedom of movement Negligence - Answers creating a risk by failing to do something malpractice - Answers type of negligence when nurses or doctors act unethically, fail to meet standards of care, or does something outside of their scope of practice Patient Self-Determination Act - Answers A federal law passed in 1990 that requires hospitals and other health care providers to provide written information to patients regarding their rights under state law to make medical decisions and execute advance directives. durable power of attorney - Answers a legal agreement that allows an agent or representative of the patient to act on behalf of the patient durable power of attorney for health care - Answers A type of advance directive executed by a competent adult that appoints another individual to make medical treatment decisions on his or her behalf in the event that the person making the appointment loses decision-making capacity. DNR-CC - Answers -only comfort care before, during, after -little chance of survival -terminal illness DNR-CCA - Answers permit the use of life-saving measures (such as powerful heart or blood pressure medications) (before a person's heart or breathing stops) Uniform Determination of Death Act - Answers A proposal that established uniform guidelines for determining when death has occurred. critical thinking - Answers the ability to apply a higher level of thinking clinical reasoning - Answers the ability to focus and filter clinical data to prioritize clinical judgement - Answers conclusions and opinions about patients health drawn from patient data clinical reasoning + clinical thinking problem solving - Answers systematic, analytic approach to solve a problem step by step prioritizing decision making - Answers choosing an answer when you have a lot of them reasoning - Answers logical thinking that links thoughts, ideas, and facts together in a meaningful way judgement - Answers the result or decision related to the processes of thinking and reasoning baseline knowledge - Answers content learned in books or previous experiences information gathering - Answers talking and interviewing your patient and accessing inductive reasoning - Answers specific facts used to make conclusions deductive reasoning - Answers generating facts to make conclusions inferences - Answers concluding after facts have been received intuition - Answers a feeling without specific evidence interpretation - Answers examining how information is organized and giving it reasoning/meaning humility - Answers admitting our limitations Thinking independently - Answers Considering a wide range of ideas before coming to a conclusion integrity - Answers being honest and willing to adhere to diversity bias - Answers inclination to favoratism illogical thinking - Answers hasty generalization lack of information - Answers cannot critically think about what you do not know closed-mindedness - Answers intentionally overlooking alternatives suggested by others assumptions - Answers beliefs that are taken for granted as true Florence Nightingale - Answers considered the founder of modern nursing introduced critical thinking and respect for the patient into the practice of nursing Clara Barton - Answers Founded the American Red Cross altruism - Answers a concern for others; generosity professional organization - Answers deals with issues of concern to those practicing in the profession licensure - Answers A mandatory credentialing process established by law, usually at the state level, that grants the right to practice certain skills and endeavors nursing process - Answers systemic method of critical thinking used by professional nurses to develop plans of care for patients the foundation of nursing practice used continuously whenever providing patient care requires critical thinking aides in determining the most appropriate actions to take when caring for a client ADPIE - Answers Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation Assessment - Answers 1st step in the nursing process: organized and ongoing appraisal of a patient's well being interviewing reviewing dignostic results primary and secondary data subjective and objective information primary data - Answers information directly from the patient secondary data - Answers information from a chart or data subjective data - Answers anything the patient tells you; cannot be proven objective data - Answers anything the nurse finds or assesses; using senses Physical Assessment - Answers Inspection Palpation Percussion Auscultation inspection - Answers the act of examining or reviewing Palpation - Answers to examine by touch Auscultation - Answers Listening with a stethoscope diagnosis - Answers the 2nd step in the nursing process "nursing diagnosis"; symptoms of a disease Nursing Diagnosis - Answers nursing language description of what the nurse observes- used to identify a problem or a potential problem created after the assessment is complete must have this before you can plan to treat the client NANDA-I makes the standardized list of these NANDA-I (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International) - Answers makes the standardized list of nursing diagnoses Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Answers an explanation of motivation created by Abraham Maslow based on the idea that certain needs must be satisfied before others physical needs - Answers breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion safety needs - Answers security of body, of employment, of resources, of morality, of the family, of health, of property love and belonging needs - Answers friendship, family, sexual intimacy esteem needs - Answers self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others self-actualization - Answers a person's motivation to reach his or her full potential a person's basic needs need to be met before this can be achieved morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts planning - Answers the 3rd stage: the nurse prioritizes nursing diagnosis and develops short and long term goals for the patient should be implemented in priority using Maslow's hierarchy of needs coming up with a goal; always starts with "The patient will...." long term goal - Answers 1-2 years short term goal - Answers one week or time of discharge from facility goal objectives - Answers realistic planning patient centered measurable time limited goal implementation (intervention) - Answers nursing actions/orders direct patient care indirect patient care clinical pathways/standing order/facility protocols direct patient care - Answers face-to-face interaction with the patient indirect patient care - Answers charting, calling the doctor or PT clinical pathways/standing orders/facility protocols - Answers orders nurses receive depending on the department they work in Evaluation - Answers the final stage of the nursing process focuses on the patient's response to the intervention In summary: goal may have been attained, continued, adapted, or discontinued referent - Answers an event or thought that iniciates communication sender - Answers nurse receiver - Answers patient channel - Answers method of communication feedback - Answers response of receiver intrapersonal communication - Answers focus on patient's needs positive self talk negative self talk meditation prayer interpersonal communication - Answers takes place between 2 or more people formal or informal many medication errors happen because of bad ____ interprofessional communication - Answers collaboration with health care team to help the patient role boundaries group therapy - Answers group dynamics meeting established goals small group communication and public communication professional communication - Answers helps professional pass patients to other nurses or other floor with all history up to date SBAR - Answers hands off communication tool situation, background, assessment, recommendation orientation phase - Answers nurse introduces themselves to patient working phase - Answers when the nurse and the patient work together to solve problems and accomplish goals working collaboratively treating patient termination phase - Answers closure of the relationship displacement - Answers putting anger into something else Rationalization - Answers defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one's actions regression - Answers A reversion to immature patterns of behavior. Suppression - Answers Consciously and intentionally pushing unpleasant feelings out of one's mind facilitation - Answers activities/strategies to keep the conversation between the nurse and patient going comprehensive health record - Answers everything about the patient's health history discover patient risk factors problem based health history - Answers based on why the patient is at the health facility Episodic Health History - Answers A history taken from the patient for a specific problem or need follow up appointments from problem based on health history chief complaint (CC) - Answers first stage in nursing diagnosis Components of Health History - Answers biographic data history of present illness