NU 300 FINAL EXAM | 113 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
care of patients with cancer - (ANSWER)*chart 22-1: care of patient with radiation*
Reduced immunity and blood forming
o Cancer in the marrow suppresses WBC and RBC production
Motor and sensory deficits
o Invasion of bone, brain, nerves
o Pain
o Bone metastasis pain, fractures, spinal cord compression & hypercalcemia which leads to decreased
mobility
Fear
Peripheral Neuropathy
Decreased respiratory and cardiac function
o Compression of the airways and vasculature
Altered GI structure and function
o Increased need for nutrients (Protein and Carbs esp.) for tumor growth
o Cachexia
Care of the Patient with Myelosuppression and Neutropenia - (ANSWER)• Place the patient in a private
room whenever possible.
• Use good handwashing technique or use alcohol-based hand rubs before touching the patient or any
of the patient's belongings.
• Ensure that the patient's room and bathroom are cleaned at least once each day.
• Do not use supplies from common areas for patients with myelosuppression and neutropenia. For
example, keep a dedicated box of disposable gloves in his or her room and do not share this box with
,NU 300 FINAL EXAM | 113 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
any other patient. Provide single-use food products, individually wrapped gauze, and other individually
wrapped items.
• Limit the number of health care personnel entering the patient's room.
• Monitor vital signs every 4 hours, including temperature.
• Inspect the patient's mouth at least every 8 hours.
• Inspect the patient's skin and mucous membranes (especially the anal area) for the presence of
fissures and abscesses at least every 8 hours.
• Inspect open areas, such as IV sites, every 4 hours for manifestations of infection.
• Change wound dressings daily.
• Obtain specimens of all suspicious areas for culture (as specified by the agency), and promptly notify
the physician.
• Assist the patient in coughing and deep-breathing exercises.
• Encourage activity at a level appropriate for the patient's current health status.
• Change IV tubing daily, or according to unit protocol.
• Keep frequently used equipment in the room for use with this patient only (e.g., blood pressure cuff,
stethoscope, thermometer).
• Limit visitors to healthy adults.
• Use strict aseptic technique for all invasive procedures.
• Monitor the white blood cell count, especially the absolute neutrophil count (ANC), daily.
• Avoid the use of indwelling urinary catheters.
• Keep fresh flowers and potted plants out of the patient's room - hospital policy based.
• Teach the patient to avoid eati
Skin Protection During Radiation Therapy - (ANSWER)• Wash the irradiated area gently each day with
either water or a mild soap and water as prescribed by your radiologist.
• Use your hand rather than a washcloth to be gentler.
• Rinse soap thoroughly from your skin.
• If ink or dye markings are present to identify exactly where the beam of radiation is to be focused,
take care not to remove them.
,NU 300 FINAL EXAM | 113 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
• Dry the irradiated area with patting motions rather than rubbing motions; use a clean, soft towel or
cloth.
• Use only powders, ointments, lotions, or creams on your skin at the radiation site that are prescribed
by the radiation oncology department.
• Wear soft clothing over the skin at the radiation site.
• Avoid wearing belts, buckles, straps, or any type of clothing that binds or rubs the skin at the radiation
site.
• Avoid exposure of the irradiated area to the sun.
•Protect this area by wearing clothing over it.
•Try to go outdoors in the early morning or evening to avoid the more intense sun rays.
•When outdoors, stay under awnings, umbrellas, and other forms of shade during the times when the
sun's rays are most intense (10 am to 7 pm).
• Avoid heat exposure.
Prevention of Infection - (ANSWER)•Avoid crowds and other large gatherings of people who might be ill.
•Do not share personal toilet articles, such as toothbrushes, toothpaste, washcloths, or deodorant
sticks, with others.
•If possible, bathe daily, using an antimicrobial soap. If total bathing is not possible, wash the armpits,
groin, genitals, and anal area twice a day with an antimicrobial soap.
•Clean your toothbrush at least weekly by either running it through the dishwasher or rinsing it in liquid
laundry bleach (and then rinsing the bleach out with hot running water).
•Wash your hands thoroughly with an antimicrobial soap before you eat and drink, after touching a pet,
after shaking hands with anyone, as soon as you come home from any outing, and after using the toilet.
•Avoid eating salads; raw fruits and vegetables; undercooked meat, fish, and eggs; and pepper and
paprika.
•Wash dishes between use with hot, sudsy water, or use a dishwasher.
•Do not drink water, milk, juice, or other cold liquids that have been standing at room temperature for
longer than an hour.
•Do not reuse cups and glasses without washing.
•Do not change pet litter boxes.
, NU 300 FINAL EXAM | 113 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
•Take your temperature at least once a day and whenever you do not feel well.
•Report any of these signs or symptoms of infection to your physician immediately:•Temperature
greater than 100° F.
•Persistent cough (with or without sputum)
•Pus or foul-smelling drainage from any open skin area or normal body opening
•Presence of a boil or abscess
•Urine that is cloudy or foul smelling or that causes burning on urination
•Take all prescribed drugs.
•Wear clean disposable gloves underneath gardening gloves when working in the garden or with
houseplants.
•Wear a condom (if you are a man) when having sex. If you are a woman having sex with a male
partner, ensure that he wears a condom.
Prevention of Injury for the Patient with Thrombocytopenia - (ANSWER)• Handle the patient gently.
• Use and teach UAP to use a lift sheet when moving and positioning the patient in bed.
• Avoid IM injections and venipunctures.
• When injections or venipunctures are necessary, use the smallest-gauge needle for the task.
• Apply firm pressure to the needle stick site for 10 minutes or until the site no longer oozes blood.
• Apply ice to areas of trauma.
• Test all urine and stool for the presence of occult blood.
• Observe IV sites every 4 hours for bleeding.
• Instruct patients to notify nursing personnel immediately if any trauma occurs and if bleeding or
bruising is noticed.
• Avoid trauma to rectal tissues:
•Do not administer enemas.
•If suppositories are prescribed, lubricate liberally and administer with caution.
• Measure the patient's abdominal girth daily.
• Instruct the patient and UAP to use an electric shaver rather than a razor.
COMPLETE SOLUTION
care of patients with cancer - (ANSWER)*chart 22-1: care of patient with radiation*
Reduced immunity and blood forming
o Cancer in the marrow suppresses WBC and RBC production
Motor and sensory deficits
o Invasion of bone, brain, nerves
o Pain
o Bone metastasis pain, fractures, spinal cord compression & hypercalcemia which leads to decreased
mobility
Fear
Peripheral Neuropathy
Decreased respiratory and cardiac function
o Compression of the airways and vasculature
Altered GI structure and function
o Increased need for nutrients (Protein and Carbs esp.) for tumor growth
o Cachexia
Care of the Patient with Myelosuppression and Neutropenia - (ANSWER)• Place the patient in a private
room whenever possible.
• Use good handwashing technique or use alcohol-based hand rubs before touching the patient or any
of the patient's belongings.
• Ensure that the patient's room and bathroom are cleaned at least once each day.
• Do not use supplies from common areas for patients with myelosuppression and neutropenia. For
example, keep a dedicated box of disposable gloves in his or her room and do not share this box with
,NU 300 FINAL EXAM | 113 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
any other patient. Provide single-use food products, individually wrapped gauze, and other individually
wrapped items.
• Limit the number of health care personnel entering the patient's room.
• Monitor vital signs every 4 hours, including temperature.
• Inspect the patient's mouth at least every 8 hours.
• Inspect the patient's skin and mucous membranes (especially the anal area) for the presence of
fissures and abscesses at least every 8 hours.
• Inspect open areas, such as IV sites, every 4 hours for manifestations of infection.
• Change wound dressings daily.
• Obtain specimens of all suspicious areas for culture (as specified by the agency), and promptly notify
the physician.
• Assist the patient in coughing and deep-breathing exercises.
• Encourage activity at a level appropriate for the patient's current health status.
• Change IV tubing daily, or according to unit protocol.
• Keep frequently used equipment in the room for use with this patient only (e.g., blood pressure cuff,
stethoscope, thermometer).
• Limit visitors to healthy adults.
• Use strict aseptic technique for all invasive procedures.
• Monitor the white blood cell count, especially the absolute neutrophil count (ANC), daily.
• Avoid the use of indwelling urinary catheters.
• Keep fresh flowers and potted plants out of the patient's room - hospital policy based.
• Teach the patient to avoid eati
Skin Protection During Radiation Therapy - (ANSWER)• Wash the irradiated area gently each day with
either water or a mild soap and water as prescribed by your radiologist.
• Use your hand rather than a washcloth to be gentler.
• Rinse soap thoroughly from your skin.
• If ink or dye markings are present to identify exactly where the beam of radiation is to be focused,
take care not to remove them.
,NU 300 FINAL EXAM | 113 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
• Dry the irradiated area with patting motions rather than rubbing motions; use a clean, soft towel or
cloth.
• Use only powders, ointments, lotions, or creams on your skin at the radiation site that are prescribed
by the radiation oncology department.
• Wear soft clothing over the skin at the radiation site.
• Avoid wearing belts, buckles, straps, or any type of clothing that binds or rubs the skin at the radiation
site.
• Avoid exposure of the irradiated area to the sun.
•Protect this area by wearing clothing over it.
•Try to go outdoors in the early morning or evening to avoid the more intense sun rays.
•When outdoors, stay under awnings, umbrellas, and other forms of shade during the times when the
sun's rays are most intense (10 am to 7 pm).
• Avoid heat exposure.
Prevention of Infection - (ANSWER)•Avoid crowds and other large gatherings of people who might be ill.
•Do not share personal toilet articles, such as toothbrushes, toothpaste, washcloths, or deodorant
sticks, with others.
•If possible, bathe daily, using an antimicrobial soap. If total bathing is not possible, wash the armpits,
groin, genitals, and anal area twice a day with an antimicrobial soap.
•Clean your toothbrush at least weekly by either running it through the dishwasher or rinsing it in liquid
laundry bleach (and then rinsing the bleach out with hot running water).
•Wash your hands thoroughly with an antimicrobial soap before you eat and drink, after touching a pet,
after shaking hands with anyone, as soon as you come home from any outing, and after using the toilet.
•Avoid eating salads; raw fruits and vegetables; undercooked meat, fish, and eggs; and pepper and
paprika.
•Wash dishes between use with hot, sudsy water, or use a dishwasher.
•Do not drink water, milk, juice, or other cold liquids that have been standing at room temperature for
longer than an hour.
•Do not reuse cups and glasses without washing.
•Do not change pet litter boxes.
, NU 300 FINAL EXAM | 113 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
•Take your temperature at least once a day and whenever you do not feel well.
•Report any of these signs or symptoms of infection to your physician immediately:•Temperature
greater than 100° F.
•Persistent cough (with or without sputum)
•Pus or foul-smelling drainage from any open skin area or normal body opening
•Presence of a boil or abscess
•Urine that is cloudy or foul smelling or that causes burning on urination
•Take all prescribed drugs.
•Wear clean disposable gloves underneath gardening gloves when working in the garden or with
houseplants.
•Wear a condom (if you are a man) when having sex. If you are a woman having sex with a male
partner, ensure that he wears a condom.
Prevention of Injury for the Patient with Thrombocytopenia - (ANSWER)• Handle the patient gently.
• Use and teach UAP to use a lift sheet when moving and positioning the patient in bed.
• Avoid IM injections and venipunctures.
• When injections or venipunctures are necessary, use the smallest-gauge needle for the task.
• Apply firm pressure to the needle stick site for 10 minutes or until the site no longer oozes blood.
• Apply ice to areas of trauma.
• Test all urine and stool for the presence of occult blood.
• Observe IV sites every 4 hours for bleeding.
• Instruct patients to notify nursing personnel immediately if any trauma occurs and if bleeding or
bruising is noticed.
• Avoid trauma to rectal tissues:
•Do not administer enemas.
•If suppositories are prescribed, lubricate liberally and administer with caution.
• Measure the patient's abdominal girth daily.
• Instruct the patient and UAP to use an electric shaver rather than a razor.
