BIO 345 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What was the name of Darwin's publication - Answers -The Origin of Species (1859)
What were the two revolutionary ideas that Darwin introduced - Answers -natural
selection and descent with modification
Natural selection occurs if a trait: - Answers -varies in the population, causes
differences in fitness, and is heritable across generations
What can cause differences in fitness - Answers -survival and reproduction
Male courting rituals - Answers -reproduction
Metabolic rate - Answers -survival
Age at menopause - Answers -reproduction
Extreme temperatures - Answers -survival
What is a key adaptation of the Galapagos finches - Answers -length and depth of their
beaks
Who were the scientists that studied the Galapagos finches for over 40 years -
Answers -Peter and Rosemary Grant
On Daphne Major, plant species that make small, soft seeds reproduce after
_____________ - Answers -heavy rain
On Daphne Major, plant species that make hard, large seeds are what's left during
_____________ - Answers -dry periods
Natural selection can lead to large ______________ - Answers -biodiversity
Differences in _______________ under different circumstances can lead to natural
selection - Answers -fitness
What was Lamarck's theory of evolution - Answers -If an organism changes during life
in order to adapt to its environment, those changes are passed on to its offspring;
inheritance of acquired characteristics
What are the purposes of phylogenetic trees - Answers -predict and explain patterns of
traits across groups, infer origins of epidemics, and detect selection at work
, Define outgroup - Answers -a lineage used to determine which traits are ancestral
What is a phylogenetic tree - Answers -a diagram that represents evolutionary
relationship among organisms
Define uniformitarianism - Answers -the same physical proesses operated in the past
as in the present
Why developed the molecular clock hypothesis - Answers -Zuckerkandl and Pauling
(1962)
T/f: all traits are a result from natural selection - Answers -false
Define adaptation - Answers -a structure or behavior that helps an organism survive in
its evironment
What is an example of a structural adaptation - Answers -duck's webbed feet
What is an example of a behavioral adaptation - Answers -fish swimming in schools
What is an example of a physiological adaptation - Answers -shivering when cold
T/f: all traits are adaptations - Answers -false
T/f: not all adaptive mutations increase in frequency in a population - Answers -true
What is a major limitation to adaptation - Answers -the change of losing a mutation
Natural selection is constrained by processes such as ______________ and
____________________ - Answers -trade-offs; genetic drift
How many H bonds are between adenine and thymine - Answers -two
How many H bonds are between guanine and cytosine - Answers -three
What percentage of coding sequences makes up a genome - Answers -2%
What percentage of non-coding regulatory sequences makes up a genome - Answers -
18%
What percentage of non-coding non-functional sequences makes up a genome -
Answers -80%
Define mutation - Answers -a heritable change in the genetic material not caused by
recombination
What was the name of Darwin's publication - Answers -The Origin of Species (1859)
What were the two revolutionary ideas that Darwin introduced - Answers -natural
selection and descent with modification
Natural selection occurs if a trait: - Answers -varies in the population, causes
differences in fitness, and is heritable across generations
What can cause differences in fitness - Answers -survival and reproduction
Male courting rituals - Answers -reproduction
Metabolic rate - Answers -survival
Age at menopause - Answers -reproduction
Extreme temperatures - Answers -survival
What is a key adaptation of the Galapagos finches - Answers -length and depth of their
beaks
Who were the scientists that studied the Galapagos finches for over 40 years -
Answers -Peter and Rosemary Grant
On Daphne Major, plant species that make small, soft seeds reproduce after
_____________ - Answers -heavy rain
On Daphne Major, plant species that make hard, large seeds are what's left during
_____________ - Answers -dry periods
Natural selection can lead to large ______________ - Answers -biodiversity
Differences in _______________ under different circumstances can lead to natural
selection - Answers -fitness
What was Lamarck's theory of evolution - Answers -If an organism changes during life
in order to adapt to its environment, those changes are passed on to its offspring;
inheritance of acquired characteristics
What are the purposes of phylogenetic trees - Answers -predict and explain patterns of
traits across groups, infer origins of epidemics, and detect selection at work
, Define outgroup - Answers -a lineage used to determine which traits are ancestral
What is a phylogenetic tree - Answers -a diagram that represents evolutionary
relationship among organisms
Define uniformitarianism - Answers -the same physical proesses operated in the past
as in the present
Why developed the molecular clock hypothesis - Answers -Zuckerkandl and Pauling
(1962)
T/f: all traits are a result from natural selection - Answers -false
Define adaptation - Answers -a structure or behavior that helps an organism survive in
its evironment
What is an example of a structural adaptation - Answers -duck's webbed feet
What is an example of a behavioral adaptation - Answers -fish swimming in schools
What is an example of a physiological adaptation - Answers -shivering when cold
T/f: all traits are adaptations - Answers -false
T/f: not all adaptive mutations increase in frequency in a population - Answers -true
What is a major limitation to adaptation - Answers -the change of losing a mutation
Natural selection is constrained by processes such as ______________ and
____________________ - Answers -trade-offs; genetic drift
How many H bonds are between adenine and thymine - Answers -two
How many H bonds are between guanine and cytosine - Answers -three
What percentage of coding sequences makes up a genome - Answers -2%
What percentage of non-coding regulatory sequences makes up a genome - Answers -
18%
What percentage of non-coding non-functional sequences makes up a genome -
Answers -80%
Define mutation - Answers -a heritable change in the genetic material not caused by
recombination
