PNH 401 TEST 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What are the baseline assessments required before surgery? - Answer- Baseline vital
signs and sedation level, pain and sedation assessments, respiratory rate, oxygenation,
and IV patency.
What is the purpose of a Peripheral Nerve Block? - Answer- To provide regional
anesthesia to specific nerves or plexus for surgery or post-operative pain management.
What should be monitored after administering an Epidural Analgesia? - Answer- Pain
score, sensory/motor status, vital signs (watch for hypotension), sedation, respiratory
depression, urinary retention, and dressing integrity.
What are some non-pharmacological interventions for pain management? - Answer-
Positioning, mobility, massage, ice or heat application, distraction techniques, and
relaxation exercises.
What are the three types of surgeries based on urgency? - Answer- Elective (planned),
urgent (can wait 38-48 hours), and emergent (immediate).
What is the difference between inpatient and ambulatory surgical settings? - Answer-
Inpatient involves same-day admission, while ambulatory allows for procedures that
typically take less than 2 hours with no overnight stay.
What are the key components of preoperative nursing care? - Answer- Establishing
baseline function, conducting a head-to-toe assessment, reviewing lab tests, and
providing preoperative education.
What factors should be considered in preoperative risk assessment? - Answer- Age,
nutrition, obesity, medications, fluid and electrolyte balance, previous surgeries,
smoking, and substance use.
What is the purpose of preoperative education? - Answer- To inform clients about what
to expect, how to participate in their care, and to reduce fear and anxiety.
What are common fears patients may have before surgery? - Answer- Fear of death or
disability, pain/discomfort, alterations in body image, anesthesia risks, and changes in
life functioning.
, What is the role of the nurse in obtaining informed consent? - Answer- The surgeon is
responsible for obtaining consent, but the nurse may witness the signature and ensure
the client understands the procedure.
What is fluid and electrolyte imbalance commonly associated with? - Answer- Major
illnesses or injuries as homeostasis becomes disrupted.
What are the key electrolytes monitored in fluid balance? - Answer- Potassium (K⁺),
Magnesium (Mg²⁺), Calcium (Ca²⁺), and Sodium (Na⁺).
What does I&O stand for in monitoring fluid balance? - Answer- Intake and Output.
What vital signs are monitored for fluid and electrolyte balance? - Answer- Blood
pressure, pulse strength, and jugular venous pressure (JVP).
What is the normal range for potassium (K⁺) levels? - Answer- 3.5-5.0 mmol/L.
What are the manifestations of hyperkalemia? - Answer- Irritability, anxiety, abdominal
cramping, muscle weakness, paresthesia, irregular pulse, and cardiac arrhythmias.
What critical potassium level requires immediate intervention? - Answer- >5.5 mmol/L.
What is the normal sodium (Na⁺) range? - Answer- 136-145 mmol/L.
What are the symptoms of hypernatremia? - Answer- Thirst, dry mucous membranes,
confusion, restlessness, and seizures.
What is the treatment for hyponatremia? - Answer- Fluid restriction for dilutional cases
and hypertonic saline for severe cases.
What is the normal magnesium (Mg²⁺) range? - Answer- 1.5-2.5 mmol/L.
What are the manifestations of hypomagnesemia? - Answer- Muscle cramps, tremors,
seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias.
What type of IV fluids are isotonic solutions used for? - Answer- To expand extracellular
fluid (ECF) volume without shifting water.
What is the purpose of hypotonic solutions in IV therapy? - Answer- To move water into
cells for cellular dehydration.
What are plasma expanders used for? - Answer- To remain in the vascular space for
extended periods and treat significant blood or plasma volume loss.
What is a key principle of pain management? - Answer- Everyone has the right to pain
assessment and management.
ANSWERS ALL CORRECT
What are the baseline assessments required before surgery? - Answer- Baseline vital
signs and sedation level, pain and sedation assessments, respiratory rate, oxygenation,
and IV patency.
What is the purpose of a Peripheral Nerve Block? - Answer- To provide regional
anesthesia to specific nerves or plexus for surgery or post-operative pain management.
What should be monitored after administering an Epidural Analgesia? - Answer- Pain
score, sensory/motor status, vital signs (watch for hypotension), sedation, respiratory
depression, urinary retention, and dressing integrity.
What are some non-pharmacological interventions for pain management? - Answer-
Positioning, mobility, massage, ice or heat application, distraction techniques, and
relaxation exercises.
What are the three types of surgeries based on urgency? - Answer- Elective (planned),
urgent (can wait 38-48 hours), and emergent (immediate).
What is the difference between inpatient and ambulatory surgical settings? - Answer-
Inpatient involves same-day admission, while ambulatory allows for procedures that
typically take less than 2 hours with no overnight stay.
What are the key components of preoperative nursing care? - Answer- Establishing
baseline function, conducting a head-to-toe assessment, reviewing lab tests, and
providing preoperative education.
What factors should be considered in preoperative risk assessment? - Answer- Age,
nutrition, obesity, medications, fluid and electrolyte balance, previous surgeries,
smoking, and substance use.
What is the purpose of preoperative education? - Answer- To inform clients about what
to expect, how to participate in their care, and to reduce fear and anxiety.
What are common fears patients may have before surgery? - Answer- Fear of death or
disability, pain/discomfort, alterations in body image, anesthesia risks, and changes in
life functioning.
, What is the role of the nurse in obtaining informed consent? - Answer- The surgeon is
responsible for obtaining consent, but the nurse may witness the signature and ensure
the client understands the procedure.
What is fluid and electrolyte imbalance commonly associated with? - Answer- Major
illnesses or injuries as homeostasis becomes disrupted.
What are the key electrolytes monitored in fluid balance? - Answer- Potassium (K⁺),
Magnesium (Mg²⁺), Calcium (Ca²⁺), and Sodium (Na⁺).
What does I&O stand for in monitoring fluid balance? - Answer- Intake and Output.
What vital signs are monitored for fluid and electrolyte balance? - Answer- Blood
pressure, pulse strength, and jugular venous pressure (JVP).
What is the normal range for potassium (K⁺) levels? - Answer- 3.5-5.0 mmol/L.
What are the manifestations of hyperkalemia? - Answer- Irritability, anxiety, abdominal
cramping, muscle weakness, paresthesia, irregular pulse, and cardiac arrhythmias.
What critical potassium level requires immediate intervention? - Answer- >5.5 mmol/L.
What is the normal sodium (Na⁺) range? - Answer- 136-145 mmol/L.
What are the symptoms of hypernatremia? - Answer- Thirst, dry mucous membranes,
confusion, restlessness, and seizures.
What is the treatment for hyponatremia? - Answer- Fluid restriction for dilutional cases
and hypertonic saline for severe cases.
What is the normal magnesium (Mg²⁺) range? - Answer- 1.5-2.5 mmol/L.
What are the manifestations of hypomagnesemia? - Answer- Muscle cramps, tremors,
seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias.
What type of IV fluids are isotonic solutions used for? - Answer- To expand extracellular
fluid (ECF) volume without shifting water.
What is the purpose of hypotonic solutions in IV therapy? - Answer- To move water into
cells for cellular dehydration.
What are plasma expanders used for? - Answer- To remain in the vascular space for
extended periods and treat significant blood or plasma volume loss.
What is a key principle of pain management? - Answer- Everyone has the right to pain
assessment and management.
