Witnesses; Roma (gypsies); homosexuals; Slavs;
• In 1919, 32 countries met at Versailles.
black people; disabled people
• Germany wasn’t invited and was forced to accept guilt of
• Hitler aimed to create a "perfect" Aryan race (blond, blue-eyed, the war.
highly intelligent) and targeted anyone who didn’t fit these • The German monarchy was abolished, and a democracy
requirements. called the Weimar Republic was established.
• The Nazis targeted Romanies (Gypsies), black people, Slavs (Poles,
Russians), homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and the disabled.
• Victims faced forced labour, imprisonment, medical experiments,
sterilisation, and mass execution via gassing or shooting. Adolf Hitler and the Nazis in the 1920s
• Hitler joined the German Workers’ Party (later the
Nazis) and became its leader through his talent for
U1: The rise
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The Nuremberg Laws and loss of public speaking.
basic rights of Jewish people 1935 of Nazi • The Beer Hall Putsch - in 1923, he attempted to
overthrow the government in Munich but failed and
• Hitler convinced Germans that Jewish people were a Germany he was imprisoned.
"mortal enemy" to the development of the superior • Hitler used the economic and social chaos of the
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Aryan race.
• The Nuremberg Laws (1935) stripped Jews of German
citizenship and forbade them from marrying non- •.
1920s to gain followers, eventually taking full control
of Germany in 1933.
Jews or serving in the army.
Reasons for public support for the Nazi
Party and the 1932 and 1933 elections
Dictatorship and concentration camps (for opponents): • The Nazis used powerful speeches, radio, and the Stormtroopers to
spread their message and beat up political opponents.
• Took over local governments (April 1933).
• In the July 1932 election, the Nazis became the largest party with
• Replaced all anti-Nazi teachers and university lecturers.
230 seats.
• Banned all opposition parties (July 1933) and abolished trade unions.
• 30 January 1933 - Hitler was appointed Chancellor by President Von
• Formed the Gestapo (secret police) to arrest and imprison critics.
Hindenburg.
• Established concentration camps for opponents - Jews, Communists,
• Hitler passed the Enabling Act - an emergency law that gave him the
Jehovah’s Witnesses, and others deemed unfit for the master race.
power to pass laws for 4 years without parliamentary approval.
•
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