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What do polyelectrolytes do?
They are coagulant aids
Coagulation is what type of process?
Coagulation is a chemical process where a coagulant reacts chemically with the alkalinity in the
water. The reaction forms an insoluble compound that will fall out of the solution and settle.
What are the different lake levels/zones called?
Epilimnion: top layer with fish and air
Thermocline: middle layer (temp changes rapidly)
Hypolimnion: bottom layer with no air and H2S
What oxidants are considered aids in coagulation?
Chlorine, chlorine dioxide, potassium permanganate, ozone
If alkalinity is equal or greater than total hardness then what type of hardness do you have?
Temporary hardness
How do you remove fluoride?
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,Sodium Aluminate
Demineralization
Reverse osmosis
What does Lime/Soda ash precipitate?
Carbonates and non-carbonate
Carbon Monoxide is what?
It is colorless and odorless
A treatment facility must maintain what logs?
2 logs for cryptosporidium
3 logs for giardia
4 logs for viruses
Hardness in water is primarily caused by?
Calcium and magnesium in water
Aeration removes what?
Iron and manganese
What is charge neutralization?
Positive charged absorbs to negative charged particles determined by using a zeta-meter test.
Coagulant positive charges which neutralizes the negative charges of the turbidity
Aeration oxidizes what?
Iron and manganese forming insoluble precipitates
What type of filters are there?
Low pressure: Micro and Ultra
High Pressure: Nano and reverse osmosis
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,What is a public water system?
It is a water system with atleast 15 service connections or that regularly serves atleast 25
individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year.
What is a community water system?
A community water system is a public water system that has the potential to serve atleast 15
service connections on a year-round basis or that serves at least 25 residents on a year round
basis.
Examples are:
Municipalities
Municipal utility districts
Rural water supply corporations
Mobile home parks
Transient Noncommunity Water System
Is a water system that does not require a licensed operator if it only uses groundwater or
treated water from another public water system.
Examples:
Travel-trailer spaces
Hotel and motel rooms
Service stations
Nontransiet Noncommunity Water System
A nontransiet noncommunity water system (NTNCWS) is a public water system that is not a
community water system and that regularly serves at least 25 of the sane persons at least 6
months out of the year. Licensed operators are required to
Examples
Oil and Chemical Plants
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, Factories
Schools
Coagulation is a chemical and physical reaction
True
The function of the mixer is to bring coagulant into contact with the raw water turbidity and
dissolved matter to cause a chemical reaction
true
The amount of chemical necessary for the coagulation reaction is determined by pH and
Alkalinity results
True
The termperature of the water is the single most important factor ing effective coagulation
false
Very fine suspended solids (turbidity) require decreased coagulant dosage
False - Increased Dosage
A rapid mix is necessary fir good floc formation
true
The most common solution pump is the peristaltic pump
true
Chemical storage facilities should be large enough to store a 1 week supply of
false
Ferric sulfate is the most widely used coagulant chemical
false - it is alum
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