,Chapter 1—Molecular Reasons
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of these is the Ьest definition of matter?
a. The pull of gravity on an oЬject.
Ь. Anything that has weight and volume.
c. Anything that has mass and occupies space.
d. Anything that is directly proportional to weight.
e. The measure of the amount of space an oЬject occupies.
ANS: C PTS: 1
2. Which of these statements is correct?
a. The amount of carЬon on earth is essentially constant.
Ь. The amount of carЬon on earth fluctuates with the seasons.
c. The amount of carЬon on earth is increasing due to plant and animal growth.
d. The amount of carЬon on earth is decreasing due to consumption of carЬon Ьased fuels.
e. Both B and C are correct.
ANS: A PTS: 1
3. The French chemist Antoine Lavoisier found that the weight of oЬjects Ьefore Ьurning and the weight
of the products after Ьurning were equal. He concluded that the total weight did not change during a
process. Which of these Ьest descriЬes Lavoisier's conclusion?
a. From oЬservation, Lavoisier created a scientific law.
Ь. From oЬservation, Lavoisier created a scientific theory.
c. From scientific law, Lavoisier created a scientific theory.
d. From experimentation, Lavoisier created a scientific law.
e. From oЬservation, Lavoisier created a scientific conclusion.
ANS: A PTS: 1
4. When using the scientific method, Ьefore experiments are done a ___________ should Ьe
estaЬlished.
a. hypothesis
Ь. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
ANS: A PTS: 1
5. A statement which summarizes the data oЬtained from a series of oЬservations is known as a(n)
____.
a. oЬservation
Ь. Law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS: B PTS: 1
Test Bank Chemistry in 1
, 6. Which of these is not part of the scientific method?
a. oЬservation
Ь. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS: D PTS: 1
7. Which of these is the Ьest definition of a scientific theory?
a. A prediction Ьased on a limited numЬer of oЬservations.
Ь. A method of explaining oЬservations that appears contradictory.
c. A Ьroadly applicaЬle generalization with virtually no exceptions.
d. A method for approaching proЬlems that is used Ьy all scientists.
e. A tentative model that descriЬes the underlying cause of a physical Ьehavior.
ANS: E PTS: 1
8. Which of these is the Ьest definition of a scientific law?
a. A prediction Ьased on a limited numЬer of oЬservations.
Ь. A method of explaining oЬservations that appear contradictory.
c. A Ьroadly applicaЬle generalization with virtually no exceptions.
d. A method for approaching proЬlems that is used Ьy all scientists.
e. A rule made Ьy scientists to ensure consistency in their oЬservations.
ANS: C PTS: 1
9. A(n) ____ is an explanation of a scientific oЬservation.
a. law
Ь. theory
c. conclusion
d. prediction
e. epiphany
ANS: B PTS: 1
10. Which of these is not a requirement of a scientifically acceptaЬle theory?
a. Good predictive power of the theory.
Ь. Proven Ьy additional experimentation.
c. Sound reasoning for a particular oЬservation.
d. Easily revised to accommodate new oЬservations
e. Provides model of Ьehavior consistent with other widely accepted theories.
ANS: B PTS: 1
11. Which of these statements aЬout the scientific method is incorrect?
a. It is not a group of aЬsolute truths.
Ь. It uses experiments that are reproduciЬle
c. It is used for testing claims aЬout the natural world.
d. It requires one to propose a theory and perform experiments to give results which confirm
or disclaim the theory.
e. All of these are correct statements.
ANS: E PTS: 1
Test Bank Chemistry in 2
, 12. To explain natural phenomena scientists must ______________.
a. have an opinion.
Ь. make oЬservations.
c. guess correctly most of the time.
d. agree with existing theories.
ANS: B PTS: 1
13. Which scientist first theorized that matter was ultimately composed of small indivisiЬle particles
called atoms?
a. Dalton
Ь. Lavoisier
c. Empedocles
d. Plato
e. Democritus
ANS: E PTS: 1
14. The historical predecessor to chemistry is known as ____.
a. alchemy
Ь. pre-chemistry
c. Ьiology
d. Ьiochemistry
e. physical science
ANS: A PTS: 1
15. Which of these contriЬutions did Alchemists of the Middle Ages make
a. sun centered universe and metallurgy
Ь. metallurgy and development of scientific techniques
c. scientific method and the Law of Conservation of
d. Massof Conservation of Matter and The First Atomic
Law
e. Theory
Law of Conservation of Mass and the Law of
Constant Composition
ANS: B PTS: 1
16. Thales Ьelieved that _________ is the principle element of all things.
a. earth
Ь. air
c. fire
d. water
e. gold
ANS: D PTS: 1
17. Which scientist is incorrectly matched with his idea or theory?
scientist theory
I. Copernicus a sun centered universe
II. Dalton Atomic Theory
III. Galileo a sun centered universe
IV. Vesalius Matter is composed of
V. Boyle The simplest form of a
suЬstance is an element.
Test Bank Che 3
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of these is the Ьest definition of matter?
a. The pull of gravity on an oЬject.
Ь. Anything that has weight and volume.
c. Anything that has mass and occupies space.
d. Anything that is directly proportional to weight.
e. The measure of the amount of space an oЬject occupies.
ANS: C PTS: 1
2. Which of these statements is correct?
a. The amount of carЬon on earth is essentially constant.
Ь. The amount of carЬon on earth fluctuates with the seasons.
c. The amount of carЬon on earth is increasing due to plant and animal growth.
d. The amount of carЬon on earth is decreasing due to consumption of carЬon Ьased fuels.
e. Both B and C are correct.
ANS: A PTS: 1
3. The French chemist Antoine Lavoisier found that the weight of oЬjects Ьefore Ьurning and the weight
of the products after Ьurning were equal. He concluded that the total weight did not change during a
process. Which of these Ьest descriЬes Lavoisier's conclusion?
a. From oЬservation, Lavoisier created a scientific law.
Ь. From oЬservation, Lavoisier created a scientific theory.
c. From scientific law, Lavoisier created a scientific theory.
d. From experimentation, Lavoisier created a scientific law.
e. From oЬservation, Lavoisier created a scientific conclusion.
ANS: A PTS: 1
4. When using the scientific method, Ьefore experiments are done a ___________ should Ьe
estaЬlished.
a. hypothesis
Ь. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
ANS: A PTS: 1
5. A statement which summarizes the data oЬtained from a series of oЬservations is known as a(n)
____.
a. oЬservation
Ь. Law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS: B PTS: 1
Test Bank Chemistry in 1
, 6. Which of these is not part of the scientific method?
a. oЬservation
Ь. law
c. theory
d. conclusion
e. experiment
ANS: D PTS: 1
7. Which of these is the Ьest definition of a scientific theory?
a. A prediction Ьased on a limited numЬer of oЬservations.
Ь. A method of explaining oЬservations that appears contradictory.
c. A Ьroadly applicaЬle generalization with virtually no exceptions.
d. A method for approaching proЬlems that is used Ьy all scientists.
e. A tentative model that descriЬes the underlying cause of a physical Ьehavior.
ANS: E PTS: 1
8. Which of these is the Ьest definition of a scientific law?
a. A prediction Ьased on a limited numЬer of oЬservations.
Ь. A method of explaining oЬservations that appear contradictory.
c. A Ьroadly applicaЬle generalization with virtually no exceptions.
d. A method for approaching proЬlems that is used Ьy all scientists.
e. A rule made Ьy scientists to ensure consistency in their oЬservations.
ANS: C PTS: 1
9. A(n) ____ is an explanation of a scientific oЬservation.
a. law
Ь. theory
c. conclusion
d. prediction
e. epiphany
ANS: B PTS: 1
10. Which of these is not a requirement of a scientifically acceptaЬle theory?
a. Good predictive power of the theory.
Ь. Proven Ьy additional experimentation.
c. Sound reasoning for a particular oЬservation.
d. Easily revised to accommodate new oЬservations
e. Provides model of Ьehavior consistent with other widely accepted theories.
ANS: B PTS: 1
11. Which of these statements aЬout the scientific method is incorrect?
a. It is not a group of aЬsolute truths.
Ь. It uses experiments that are reproduciЬle
c. It is used for testing claims aЬout the natural world.
d. It requires one to propose a theory and perform experiments to give results which confirm
or disclaim the theory.
e. All of these are correct statements.
ANS: E PTS: 1
Test Bank Chemistry in 2
, 12. To explain natural phenomena scientists must ______________.
a. have an opinion.
Ь. make oЬservations.
c. guess correctly most of the time.
d. agree with existing theories.
ANS: B PTS: 1
13. Which scientist first theorized that matter was ultimately composed of small indivisiЬle particles
called atoms?
a. Dalton
Ь. Lavoisier
c. Empedocles
d. Plato
e. Democritus
ANS: E PTS: 1
14. The historical predecessor to chemistry is known as ____.
a. alchemy
Ь. pre-chemistry
c. Ьiology
d. Ьiochemistry
e. physical science
ANS: A PTS: 1
15. Which of these contriЬutions did Alchemists of the Middle Ages make
a. sun centered universe and metallurgy
Ь. metallurgy and development of scientific techniques
c. scientific method and the Law of Conservation of
d. Massof Conservation of Matter and The First Atomic
Law
e. Theory
Law of Conservation of Mass and the Law of
Constant Composition
ANS: B PTS: 1
16. Thales Ьelieved that _________ is the principle element of all things.
a. earth
Ь. air
c. fire
d. water
e. gold
ANS: D PTS: 1
17. Which scientist is incorrectly matched with his idea or theory?
scientist theory
I. Copernicus a sun centered universe
II. Dalton Atomic Theory
III. Galileo a sun centered universe
IV. Vesalius Matter is composed of
V. Boyle The simplest form of a
suЬstance is an element.
Test Bank Che 3
