Psyc 2001 midterm 1 exam with accurate detailed solutions
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consumers of research - ✔✔May not want to work in a lab but are still interested in reading and
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learning about similar information as producers. || || || || || ||
ex) police, therapists, teachers
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producers of research - ✔✔fascinated in the research process. they often want to work in a lab
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ex) research scientists or professors
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What is a theory? - ✔✔a set of statements that describe general principles about how variables
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relate to one another || || ||
what is empiricism? - ✔✔do not base conclusions on intuition or casual observations but on
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actual evidence ||
theory flowchart - ✔✔1. Theory || || || ||
2. Research questions
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3. Research design
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4. Hypothesis
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5. Data
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features of good scientific theories - ✔✔supported by data, falsifiable, have parsimony
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basic research - ✔✔is not intended to address a specific, practical problem; the goal is to enhance
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the general body of knowledge.
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, applied research - ✔✔is done with a practical problem in mind; the researchers conduct their
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work in a particular real-world context
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transitional research - ✔✔It represents a bridge from basic to applied research. || || || || || || || || || || ||
risks of journalism coverage - ✔✔- is the story important?
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-is the story accurate?
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flaws with experience - ✔✔-experience has no comparison group
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-experience is confounded || ||
intuition biases (5) - ✔✔- being swayed by a good story || || || || || || || || || ||
- being persuaded by what comes easily to mind
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- failing to see what we can not see
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-focusing on evidence we like best || || || || ||
-biased about being biased || || ||
Being swayed by a good story - ✔✔Accepting a conclusion because it makes sense or feels
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natural.
being persuaded by what comes easily to mind - ✔✔another bias in thinking is availability
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heuristic which states that things that pop up easily in our mind tend to guide our thinking.
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failing to see what we can not see - ✔✔people tend to not see the full picture. it is easy to notice
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what is present: this is present/present bias
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focusing on evidence we like best - ✔✔we tend to look at information that agrees with what we
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already believe: confirmation bias || || ||
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consumers of research - ✔✔May not want to work in a lab but are still interested in reading and
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
learning about similar information as producers. || || || || || ||
ex) police, therapists, teachers
|| || ||
producers of research - ✔✔fascinated in the research process. they often want to work in a lab
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
ex) research scientists or professors
|| || || ||
What is a theory? - ✔✔a set of statements that describe general principles about how variables
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
relate to one another || || ||
what is empiricism? - ✔✔do not base conclusions on intuition or casual observations but on
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
actual evidence ||
theory flowchart - ✔✔1. Theory || || || ||
2. Research questions
|| ||
3. Research design
|| || ||
4. Hypothesis
||
5. Data
||
features of good scientific theories - ✔✔supported by data, falsifiable, have parsimony
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
basic research - ✔✔is not intended to address a specific, practical problem; the goal is to enhance
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
the general body of knowledge.
|| || || ||
, applied research - ✔✔is done with a practical problem in mind; the researchers conduct their
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
work in a particular real-world context
|| || || || ||
transitional research - ✔✔It represents a bridge from basic to applied research. || || || || || || || || || || ||
risks of journalism coverage - ✔✔- is the story important?
|| || || || || || || || ||
-is the story accurate?
|| || ||
flaws with experience - ✔✔-experience has no comparison group
|| || || || || || || ||
-experience is confounded || ||
intuition biases (5) - ✔✔- being swayed by a good story || || || || || || || || || ||
- being persuaded by what comes easily to mind
|| || || || || || || ||
- failing to see what we can not see
|| || || || || || || ||
-focusing on evidence we like best || || || || ||
-biased about being biased || || ||
Being swayed by a good story - ✔✔Accepting a conclusion because it makes sense or feels
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
natural.
being persuaded by what comes easily to mind - ✔✔another bias in thinking is availability
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
heuristic which states that things that pop up easily in our mind tend to guide our thinking.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
failing to see what we can not see - ✔✔people tend to not see the full picture. it is easy to notice
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
what is present: this is present/present bias
|| || || || || ||
focusing on evidence we like best - ✔✔we tend to look at information that agrees with what we
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
already believe: confirmation bias || || ||
