PSYC 2001 Final Exam with precise detailed solutions

PSYC 2001 Final Exam with precise detailed solutions || || || || || || ||




experimental research design || ||




a research strategy that attempts to establish the existence of a cause and effect relationship
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between two variables by manipulating one variable while measuring the second variable and
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controlling all other variables. || || ||




manipulated variable ||




a variable that is controlled such as when the researcher assigns participants to a particular level
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(value) of the variable || || ||




independent variable ||




variable that is manipulated || || ||




dependent variable ||




The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent
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variable.
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random assignment ||




A procedure in which a random process is used to assign participants to treatment conditions
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matching
The assignment of individuals to groups so that a specific variable is balanced or matched across
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the groups ||




statistical control ||




It is possible to mathematically remove the contribution of a variable (see diagram in bivariate
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correlation lecture for more info) || || || ||




pretest-posttest design ||




An experiment using an independent-groups design in which participants are tested on the key
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dependent variable twice: once before and once after exposure to the independent variable.
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within groups design || ||




an experimental design in which each participant is presented with all levels of the independent
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variable
advantages of within groups design || || || ||

, need fewer participants, eliminates problems of individual differences
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disadvantages of within groups design || || || ||




order-related factors may influence scores, experiencing both levels of the IV might change || || || || || || || || || || || || ||




participant behavior ||




design confound ||




an experimenter's mistake in designing the IV
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selection effects ||




participants in one level of the IV are systematically different from participants in other levels
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solution to selection effects || || ||




random assignment to ensure no systematic difference between groups
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order effects ||




being exposed to one condition changes how participants react to the other condition
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practice effects ||




participants get better or bored/tired || || || ||




carryover effects ||




contamination carries over from one condition to the next || || || || || || || ||




Counterbalancing
presenting levels of the IV to participants in different sequences || || || || || || || || ||




what is the goal of counterbalancing
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use every possible order of treatments with an equal number of individuals participating in each
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sequence
condition
One of the levels of the independent variable in an experiment.
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control variable ||




In an experiment, a variable that a researcher holds constant on purpose.
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three rules for causation || || ||