CHEM 333 - Exam 1 Important Questions With Explanations Of Answers

Resonance Trends - Correct Answers1- lp next to pi bond 2- lp next to + charge 3- pi bond next to + charge 4- pi bond next to lp in ring 5- pi bond in between two atoms Major Contributors in Order - Correct Answers1. Greatest # filled octets. 2- Fewer formal charges. 3- (-) charge on most electronegative atom 4- (+) charge on less electronegative atom Formal Charge Equation - Correct AnswersValence - (bonds + dots) Alkane - Correct AnswersC-H Alkene - Correct AnswersC=H Alkyne - Correct AnswersC triple bonded to H Alcohol - Correct AnswersR-OH primary: C bonded to one carbon secondary: C bonded to two carbons tertiary: C bonded to 3 carbons Carboxylic Acid - Correct AnswersR-COOH Aldehyde - Correct AnswersR-COH Ketone - Correct AnswersR-CO Nitrile - Correct AnswersR-C triple bond N Either - Correct AnswersR-O-R Ester - Correct AnswersR-CO2-R Amide - Correct AnswersR-CON-R primary: N bonded to one carbon secondary: N bonded to two carbons tertiary: N bonded to 3 carbons Amine - Correct AnswersR-N-R-R primary: N bonded to one carbon secondary: N bonded to 2 carbons tertiary: N bonded to 3 carbons Bronsted-Lowry Acid - Correct AnswersH+ donor Bronsted-Lowry Base - Correct AnswersH+ receiver Lewis Acid - Correct Answerse- acceptor Lewis Base - Correct Answerse- donor Acidity Trends - Correct Answers1- more electronegative = more acidic 2- bigger atom = more acidic 3- more resonance = more acidic 4- halogens increase acidity by pulling electrons (induction) 5- more s character = more acidity Pi Bond Orbitals - Correct AnswersAlways p-p Atom with Negative Charge - Correct Answersexcess of electrons Atom with Positive Charge - Correct Answersdeficit of protons Conjugate Acid - Correct AnswersGains H Conjugate Base - Correct AnswersLoses H Boiling Point Trends - Correct Answers1- Molecular Weight 2- IM Forces 3- Branching