PSYC 3330 Exam 1 Questions And Correct Detailed Answers Pass Guaranteed.

Similarities between computers and the mind/brain - Correct Answers-Artificial intelligence and decision-making (can not make moral decisions) -Planning -Calculations, problem-solving and learning -Memory -Facial recognition -Word recognition and language comprehension Differences between computer and mind/brain - Correct Answers-Can not produce emotions -Humans are innovative and robots/computers are limited to what they are given -Love and friendship -Feeling sensations like pain, happiness, hunger, etc. -Humans are intrinsically motivated Artificial intelligence - Correct AnswersA branch of computer science and engineering that is concerned with building machines that can perform some (or all) of the tasks that humans can do and perhaps some tasks that we can not do autonomic nervous system - Correct Answerscontrols involuntary functions; carried out by smooth muscles; plays a key role in emotion and affects how memory works What does the autonomic nervous system do? - Correct Answers-Increases the heart rate (so more oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the organs) -Increases the breathing rate (thus providing more oxygen) -Dilates the pupils (results in greater sensitivity to light) -Reduces digestive functions, including salivation (putting them "on hold") -Divided into two major parts, the sympathetic and parasympathetic ns sympathetic nervous system - Correct Answerspart of the autonomic nervous system; prepares an animal to respond more vigorously and accurately during an emergency What does the sympathetic nervous system do? - Correct Answers-Increases HR and breathing rate -dilated pupils, cause palms of hands to become moist, -reduces digestive functions, relaxes the bladder -Adrenaline changes how gut muscles to contract -Sensory nerves in the stomach detect a sudden decrease in oxygen as the blood rushes away -"Butterflies in the stomach" feeling -When the sympathetic nervous system is activated, our higher-order cognitive abilities decline -Decreased blood flow to brain areas involved in planning, working memory, complex decision-making, abstract thinking, etc. -Increased blood flow to regions involved in survival parasympathetic nervous system - Correct Answerspart of the autonomic nervous system; counters the sympathetic nervous system by dampening the "fight or flight" response, "rest or digest" What does the parasympathetic nervous system do? - Correct Answerscalms us and digests corpus callosum - Correct Answersthe main connection between cerebral hemispheres occipital cortex - Correct Answersprocesses visual input (from both eyes and memory); contains several different areas - some areas primarily process motion, others color, others shape, etc temporal cortex - Correct Answershearing, balance, equilibrium, facial recognition, retention of long-term memories Where is the auditory cortex located? - Correct Answerstemporal lobe Wernicke's area - Correct AnswersArea of brain involved in understanding language frontal cortex - Correct Answerslooking up specific information stored in memory, planning, problem-solving, and reasoning, decision making, working memory, and concentration What cortex contribute to one's personality, by constructing one's social and moral judgments, motivations, and persistence - Correct Answersfrontal cortex What cortex is involved in regulating and controlling emotions and emotional impulses. - Correct Answersfrontal cortex parietal cortex - Correct Answersattention, spatial relationships, mental rotations, mental images, math, and somatosensory cortex somatosensory cortex - Correct Answersrepresents sensations on different parts of the body, sense of touch reticular formation - Correct Answersmaintaining sleep and alertness pons - Correct Answerscontrols REM sleep, formation of facial expressions and sensations, swallowing cerebellum - Correct AnswersControls balance, equilibrium, and muscle coordination. basal ganglia - Correct Answersmovement planning and habit development thalamus - Correct Answersrelays sensory signals to other brain regions, regulates the flow of information, selective attention, and sleep regulation hypothalamus - Correct Answerscontrols blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature (maintains homeostasis) hippocampus - Correct Answersallows new memory formation nucleus accumbens - Correct Answersreward learning and motivation (it is part of the basal ganglia) Broca's area - Correct AnswersPart of producing language/speech sounds axon - Correct Answerstransmits a nerve impulse away from the cell body dendrite - Correct Answersreceives signals/messages action potential - Correct Answersa change in electrical charge that occurs when a neuron fires What do action potentials do? - Correct Answersrelay a signal within one neuron from one part to another (transfer information from one part of body to another) Neurotransmitters - Correct Answersa chemical substance that transmits a neural signal by activating or inhibiting the next neuron in sequence _________ are released across the synaptic clefts to receptors on the dendrite - Correct Answersneurotransmitters __________ cause long-term potentiation: the strengthening of connections between neurons. - Correct Answersneurotransmitters long-term potentiation - Correct Answersthe strengthening of connections between neurons, this can lead to the temporary storage of memories, the experience of some feelings, or signaling to peripheral muscle fibers functional localization - Correct Answersthe idea that specific parts of the cortex do different specific jobs neural connectivity - Correct Answersoverlap of functions; some functions depend on neural connections with other brain regions (different from functional localization) Dopamine - Correct Answersneurotransmitter released for pleasure, reward, feedback learning Serotonin - Correct Answersreleased for regulating mood, appetite, and digestion glutamate - Correct Answersreleased for new memory formation adrenaline - Correct Answersreleased for activating the sympathetic nervous system, increases heart rate, breathing rate, etc Acetylcholine - Correct Answersreleased for increasing alertness, focusing attention, and activating muscle action How is neural communication through action potentials different from neural communication through neurotransmitter release? - Correct AnswersAction potentials involve a single neuron and are an electrical process while neurotransmitter release involves different neurons and is a chemical process EEG - Correct AnswersMeasures the electrical activity of the active brain that travels through the scalp. Uses very sensitive sensors placed along the scalp, often with some form of electrically conductive gel underneath. Has an excellent temporal resolution, but poor spatial resolution. MRI - Correct AnswersShows the structure of the brain with excellent spatial resolution fMRI - Correct AnswersTo measure the flow of oxygenated blood in the brain while participants perform a cognitive task PET scan - Correct AnswersShows an increase or decrease in neurotransmitters in a specific area of the brain TMS - Correct Answersincrease or decrease activity in neural regions temporarily, used to activate or dampen motor responses (limitation can be used only for brain areas near the surface). top-down processing - Correct Answerspeople actively construct perceptions using information based on expectations bottom-up processing - Correct Answersparts are identified, put together, and then recognition occurs ___________ is a a bottom-up theory that explains how we recognize 3D objects - Correct AnswersRecognition by components (RBC) theory sensation - Correct Answersthe process of sensing our environment through touch, taste, sight, sound, and smell perception - Correct AnswersThe process of recognizing, organizing, and interpreting information and stimuli in our environment Proprioception - Correct AnswersThe sense of where in space our limbs are nociception - Correct Answersthe sense of pain due to bodily damage Equilibrioception - Correct Answersour sense of balance achromatopsia - Correct Answerscortical color blindness- all color vision is lost and the world appears in shades of gray, even memory of color is gone. Occurs because of damage to the V4 in the occipital cortex.