(NBME_CBSE – Comprehensive Questions and Answers Study Guide for Medical Exam Preparation 2026)
NBME/CBSE –
Comprehensive
Questions and
Answers Study
Guide for
Medical Exam
Preparation
3/16/2026, 6:19:45 PM
, (NBME_CBSE – Comprehensive Questions and Answers Study Guide for Medical Exam Preparation 2026)
Neurology & Reflexes
Q: What does a positive Babinski sign indicate?
A: There is an UMN lesion; hyperreflexia +3; dorsiflexion with stroke of the plantar foot.
Q: ACA lesion symptoms?
A: Contralateral lower limb deficits, behavioral changes, urinary incontinence.
Q: Abduction of shoulder: which muscles act at different ranges?
A:
● Initial: Supraspinatus
● Below horizontal: Deltoid
● Above horizontal: Trapezius + Serratus anterior
Q: Adduction of shoulder: which muscles?
A: Teres Minor (axillary n), Subscapular (subscapular n)
Metabolism & Starvation
Q: Energy source after >3 days of starvation?
A: Adipose → Ketones (Leucine, Lysine).
Q: Energy source 1–3 days starvation?
A: FFA via hormone-sensitive lipase
● Stimulated by epinephrine
● Gluconeogenesis supported by cortisol (OAA → PEP)
3/16/2026, 6:19:45 PM
, (NBME_CBSE – Comprehensive Questions and Answers Study Guide for Medical Exam Preparation 2026)
Q: Abetalipoproteinemia: features?
A: Foamy cytoplasm at villi tips, NO APO-B → no VLDL or chylomicrons
Endocrinology
Q: 1-α-hydroxylase in macrophages does what?
A: PTH-independent conversion of Calcifediol → Calcitriol (active Vit D) → hypercalcemia
Q: Hyperaldosteronism (primary) lab findings?
A:
● Increased mineralocorticoids (Zona glomerulosa)
● ↓ Renin → HTN
● ↓ K → paresthesia
● ↑ HCO3
Q: Secondary hyperaldosteronism?
A: JC renin-secreting tumor → ↑ Renin and Aldo
Q: Hyperparathyroidism labs?
A:
● Primary: ↑ PTH, ↑ Ca, ↓ PO4 → “stones, thrones, groans, psych overtones”
● Secondary: ↑ PTH due to ↑ PO4, ↓ Ca → low D synthesis
Q: Addison’s disease labs?
A: Primary adrenal insufficiency
● ACTH does not increase cortisol
● ↓ Na, ↑ K, ↑ Cl
3/16/2026, 6:19:45 PM
, (NBME_CBSE – Comprehensive Questions and Answers Study Guide for Medical Exam Preparation 2026)
● Non-anion gap metabolic acidosis
● Weight loss, hyperpigmentation, hypotension
Q: Adrenal adenoma?
A: Atrophy of uninvolved Zona fasciculata & reticularis
● ACTH independent
Q: Adrenal cortex layers (outer → inner)?
A:
● Glomerulosa → Aldosterone
● Fasciculata → Cortisol
● Reticularis → Androgen
Cardiology & Hematology
Q: Abciximab MOA & AE?
A: GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor → no platelet aggregation
Q: Adenosine MOA & AE?
A: Blocks AV node conduction → used for PSVT
● AE: flushing, chest burning, hypotension
Q: AAA features?
A: Chronic transmural inflammation, pulsating central abdominal mass
Pulmonology
3/16/2026, 6:19:45 PM
NBME/CBSE –
Comprehensive
Questions and
Answers Study
Guide for
Medical Exam
Preparation
3/16/2026, 6:19:45 PM
, (NBME_CBSE – Comprehensive Questions and Answers Study Guide for Medical Exam Preparation 2026)
Neurology & Reflexes
Q: What does a positive Babinski sign indicate?
A: There is an UMN lesion; hyperreflexia +3; dorsiflexion with stroke of the plantar foot.
Q: ACA lesion symptoms?
A: Contralateral lower limb deficits, behavioral changes, urinary incontinence.
Q: Abduction of shoulder: which muscles act at different ranges?
A:
● Initial: Supraspinatus
● Below horizontal: Deltoid
● Above horizontal: Trapezius + Serratus anterior
Q: Adduction of shoulder: which muscles?
A: Teres Minor (axillary n), Subscapular (subscapular n)
Metabolism & Starvation
Q: Energy source after >3 days of starvation?
A: Adipose → Ketones (Leucine, Lysine).
Q: Energy source 1–3 days starvation?
A: FFA via hormone-sensitive lipase
● Stimulated by epinephrine
● Gluconeogenesis supported by cortisol (OAA → PEP)
3/16/2026, 6:19:45 PM
, (NBME_CBSE – Comprehensive Questions and Answers Study Guide for Medical Exam Preparation 2026)
Q: Abetalipoproteinemia: features?
A: Foamy cytoplasm at villi tips, NO APO-B → no VLDL or chylomicrons
Endocrinology
Q: 1-α-hydroxylase in macrophages does what?
A: PTH-independent conversion of Calcifediol → Calcitriol (active Vit D) → hypercalcemia
Q: Hyperaldosteronism (primary) lab findings?
A:
● Increased mineralocorticoids (Zona glomerulosa)
● ↓ Renin → HTN
● ↓ K → paresthesia
● ↑ HCO3
Q: Secondary hyperaldosteronism?
A: JC renin-secreting tumor → ↑ Renin and Aldo
Q: Hyperparathyroidism labs?
A:
● Primary: ↑ PTH, ↑ Ca, ↓ PO4 → “stones, thrones, groans, psych overtones”
● Secondary: ↑ PTH due to ↑ PO4, ↓ Ca → low D synthesis
Q: Addison’s disease labs?
A: Primary adrenal insufficiency
● ACTH does not increase cortisol
● ↓ Na, ↑ K, ↑ Cl
3/16/2026, 6:19:45 PM
, (NBME_CBSE – Comprehensive Questions and Answers Study Guide for Medical Exam Preparation 2026)
● Non-anion gap metabolic acidosis
● Weight loss, hyperpigmentation, hypotension
Q: Adrenal adenoma?
A: Atrophy of uninvolved Zona fasciculata & reticularis
● ACTH independent
Q: Adrenal cortex layers (outer → inner)?
A:
● Glomerulosa → Aldosterone
● Fasciculata → Cortisol
● Reticularis → Androgen
Cardiology & Hematology
Q: Abciximab MOA & AE?
A: GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor → no platelet aggregation
Q: Adenosine MOA & AE?
A: Blocks AV node conduction → used for PSVT
● AE: flushing, chest burning, hypotension
Q: AAA features?
A: Chronic transmural inflammation, pulsating central abdominal mass
Pulmonology
3/16/2026, 6:19:45 PM
