Comprehensive Psychiatric Nursing: Grief, Defense Mechanisms,
Stress, an Medications
1. Stages of Grief: Denial: Refusal to acknowledge reality of loss.
2. Defense Mechanisms: Adaptive (healthy when short-term): Suppression, sublimation, humor.
3. Stress & Response: Hans Selye: General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).
4. Psychological Stress Response: Anxiety, anger, grief.
5. Cognitive appraisal: Primary appraisal: Threat? Harm? Challenge?
6. Prioritization in Nursing: Maslow's hierarchy (physiological ’safety ’love ’esteem ’self-actualization).
7. Nursing Process (ADPIE): Assessment: Subjective + objective data, psychosocial history, mental status
exam (MSE).
8. Therapeutic Communication: Techniques: Silence, open-ended questions, reflecting, clarifying, sum- marizing.
9. Active Listening: Full attention (verbal + nonverbal).
10. Legal & Ethical Considerations: Ethical principles: Autonomy (respect choices), beneficence (pro-
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Stress, an Medications
1. Stages of Grief: Denial: Refusal to acknowledge reality of loss.
2. Defense Mechanisms: Adaptive (healthy when short-term): Suppression, sublimation, humor.
3. Stress & Response: Hans Selye: General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).
4. Psychological Stress Response: Anxiety, anger, grief.
5. Cognitive appraisal: Primary appraisal: Threat? Harm? Challenge?
6. Prioritization in Nursing: Maslow's hierarchy (physiological ’safety ’love ’esteem ’self-actualization).
7. Nursing Process (ADPIE): Assessment: Subjective + objective data, psychosocial history, mental status
exam (MSE).
8. Therapeutic Communication: Techniques: Silence, open-ended questions, reflecting, clarifying, sum- marizing.
9. Active Listening: Full attention (verbal + nonverbal).
10. Legal & Ethical Considerations: Ethical principles: Autonomy (respect choices), beneficence (pro-
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4
