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BIO 253 FINAL EXAM 2026 100% PASS
ASSURED EXAMINATION SOLUTIONS
Organs of the Urinary system - correct answer-
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
draw and label a kidney with the following
terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal artery,
renal vein, ureter, nephron - correct answer-
functional unit of the kidney - correct
answer- nephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron? - correct
answer- Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood
plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
loop of henle
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What is the glomerulus made of? - correct
answer- capillaries
Function of a nephron - correct answer- filter
blood and produce urine
Two nephron types - correct answer-
juxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons - correct answer- -
Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
-found at the boundary of the cortex and
medulla
cortical nephrons - correct answer- -85% of
all nephrons
-short nephron loops
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular
capillaries around PCT and DCT
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How is urine made in the kidney? - correct
answer- 1.)Reabsorption - moving substances
with tubule into the blood.
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or
renal corpuscle
3.)secretion
4.)filtration
driving force for filtration - correct answer-
hydrostatic pressure or BP
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? -
correct answer- filtrate
What is filtrate? - correct answer- mostly
water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste
products. Glucose is normal in filtrate.
-similar to blood plasma
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop - correct
answer- Only water is absorbed in the
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descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in
the ascending limb (no water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop? -
correct answer- @ Lowest concentration
(diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop? -
correct answer- Countercurrent mechanism
(dilutes the urine). Can also create
concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in
the ascending limb.
tubular secretion - correct answer- -
selectively moves substances from blood to
filtrate in renal tubules and collecting ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function -
correct answer- directly :
ADH
BIO 253 FINAL EXAM 2026 100% PASS
ASSURED EXAMINATION SOLUTIONS
Organs of the Urinary system - correct answer-
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
draw and label a kidney with the following
terms: Cortex, Medulla, Pelvis, renal artery,
renal vein, ureter, nephron - correct answer-
functional unit of the kidney - correct
answer- nephron
1 million per kidney!
What parts make up the nephron? - correct
answer- Renal corpuscle
Renal tubule
Glomerulus (capillaries that filter the blood
plasma)
Bowman's capsule (surrounds the glomerulus)
Efferent arteriole
loop of henle
,2 | Page
What is the glomerulus made of? - correct
answer- capillaries
Function of a nephron - correct answer- filter
blood and produce urine
Two nephron types - correct answer-
juxtamedullary and cortical
juxtamedullary nephrons - correct answer- -
Long nephron loops deeply invade medulla
-Ascending limbs have thick and thin segments
-Important in production of concentrated urine
-found at the boundary of the cortex and
medulla
cortical nephrons - correct answer- -85% of
all nephrons
-short nephron loops
-efferent arterioles branch into peritubular
capillaries around PCT and DCT
,3 | Page
How is urine made in the kidney? - correct
answer- 1.)Reabsorption - moving substances
with tubule into the blood.
2.)filtration - occurs in the glomerulus or
renal corpuscle
3.)secretion
4.)filtration
driving force for filtration - correct answer-
hydrostatic pressure or BP
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? -
correct answer- filtrate
What is filtrate? - correct answer- mostly
water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste
products. Glucose is normal in filtrate.
-similar to blood plasma
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop - correct
answer- Only water is absorbed in the
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descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in
the ascending limb (no water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop? -
correct answer- @ Lowest concentration
(diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop? -
correct answer- Countercurrent mechanism
(dilutes the urine). Can also create
concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in
the ascending limb.
tubular secretion - correct answer- -
selectively moves substances from blood to
filtrate in renal tubules and collecting ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function -
correct answer- directly :
ADH
