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BIO 245 KLESATH EXAM 1 NCSU 2026 100%
PASS ASSURED EXAMINATION SOLUTIONS
3 reflex mechanisms that stimulate hormone
secretion - correct answer- 1.Hormonal
Stimulation: stimulus for release of hormones
by the binding of another hormone (eg the TSH
from anterior pituitary binds to thyroid gland
to release TH)
2.Humoral Stimulation: release of hormone in
response to change of blood nutrient levels
(eg blood glucose levels rise so insulin is
released from pancreas, or fall and glucagon
is released)
3.Neural Stimulation: direct stimulation from
nervous system to endocrine gland (eg
epinephrine and norepinephrine by adrenal
medulla during fight or flight)
Hormonal Stimulation - correct answer-
Stimulus for release of hormones by the
binding of another hormone (eg the TSH from
anterior pituitary binds to thyroid gland to
release TH)
Humoral Stimulation - correct answer- release
of hormone in response to change of blood
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nutrient levels (eg blood glucose levels rise
so insulin is released from pancreas, or fall
and glucagon is released)
Neural Stimulation - correct answer- direct
stimulation from nervous system to endocrine
gland (eg epinephrine and norepinephrine by
adrenal medulla during fight or flight)
Steroids - correct answer- lipid soluble
molecules synthesized by cholesterol
1. Gonads (Estrogen, Progesterone,
Testosterone)
2. Adrenal Cortex hormones (Corticosteroids
like cortisol, mineralocorticoids,
aldosterone)
Biogenic Amines - correct answer- modified
amino acids, water soluble (except thyroid)
1. Catecholamines (epinephrine and
norepinephrine)
2. Thyroid Hormone → lipid soluble
3. Melatonin
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Proteins - correct answer- most hormones,
small chains of amino acids, water soluble
1. Small peptides and large polypeptides
2. Glycoproteins
Local Hormones - correct answer- DO NOT
circulate in blood, so only affect either same
cell that produced them (autocrine) or
neighboring cells (Paracrine)
1. Eicosanoids: synthesized through enzymatic
cascade, Phospholipase A2 removes fatty acid
from phospholipid within the plasma membrane
--> prostaglandins
Prostaglandins - correct answer- -Famous
eicosanoid
-are diverse group: synthesized by most
tissues in the body
-Stimulate pain receptors, reduce fever,
increase inflammatory response
Lipid soluble hormones: - correct answer- Can
cross membrane, but needs carrier protein
while circulating in blood, once unbound they
can enter the nucleus
BIO 245 KLESATH EXAM 1 NCSU 2026 100%
PASS ASSURED EXAMINATION SOLUTIONS
3 reflex mechanisms that stimulate hormone
secretion - correct answer- 1.Hormonal
Stimulation: stimulus for release of hormones
by the binding of another hormone (eg the TSH
from anterior pituitary binds to thyroid gland
to release TH)
2.Humoral Stimulation: release of hormone in
response to change of blood nutrient levels
(eg blood glucose levels rise so insulin is
released from pancreas, or fall and glucagon
is released)
3.Neural Stimulation: direct stimulation from
nervous system to endocrine gland (eg
epinephrine and norepinephrine by adrenal
medulla during fight or flight)
Hormonal Stimulation - correct answer-
Stimulus for release of hormones by the
binding of another hormone (eg the TSH from
anterior pituitary binds to thyroid gland to
release TH)
Humoral Stimulation - correct answer- release
of hormone in response to change of blood
,2 | Page
nutrient levels (eg blood glucose levels rise
so insulin is released from pancreas, or fall
and glucagon is released)
Neural Stimulation - correct answer- direct
stimulation from nervous system to endocrine
gland (eg epinephrine and norepinephrine by
adrenal medulla during fight or flight)
Steroids - correct answer- lipid soluble
molecules synthesized by cholesterol
1. Gonads (Estrogen, Progesterone,
Testosterone)
2. Adrenal Cortex hormones (Corticosteroids
like cortisol, mineralocorticoids,
aldosterone)
Biogenic Amines - correct answer- modified
amino acids, water soluble (except thyroid)
1. Catecholamines (epinephrine and
norepinephrine)
2. Thyroid Hormone → lipid soluble
3. Melatonin
, 3 | Page
Proteins - correct answer- most hormones,
small chains of amino acids, water soluble
1. Small peptides and large polypeptides
2. Glycoproteins
Local Hormones - correct answer- DO NOT
circulate in blood, so only affect either same
cell that produced them (autocrine) or
neighboring cells (Paracrine)
1. Eicosanoids: synthesized through enzymatic
cascade, Phospholipase A2 removes fatty acid
from phospholipid within the plasma membrane
--> prostaglandins
Prostaglandins - correct answer- -Famous
eicosanoid
-are diverse group: synthesized by most
tissues in the body
-Stimulate pain receptors, reduce fever,
increase inflammatory response
Lipid soluble hormones: - correct answer- Can
cross membrane, but needs carrier protein
while circulating in blood, once unbound they
can enter the nucleus
