Test Bank for Molecular Cell
Biology Latest Update Questions
and 100% Verified Answers
• what does the structure of DNA provide? Answer: mechanism for
heredity
• what does a DNA molecule consists of? Answer: two complementary
chains of nucleotides
• what are the building blocks of DNA? Answer: sugar, phosphate, and
base
• what holds the base pairs together in double-stranded DNA? Answer:
hydrogen bond
• what are nucleosomes the basic unit of? Answer: eukaryotic
chromosome structure
• what do chromosomes do? Answer: organize and carry genetic info
• what are specialized DNA sequences required for? Answer: DNA
replication and chromosome segregation
,• what do interphase chromosomes contain? Answer: highly condensed
and more extended forms of chromatin
• what does base-pairing enable? Answer: DNA replication
• where does DNA synthesis begin? Answer: at replication origins
• how many replication forks form at each replication origin? Answer: 2
• what synthesized DNA using a parental strand as a temple Answer:
DNA polymerase
• short lengths of RNA act as? Answer: primers for DNA synthesis
• DNA polymerase purpose Answer: catalyzed the addition of
nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing strand of DNA using a parental
DNA strand as a template
• DNA helicase purpose Answer: uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to
unwind the DNA double helix ahead of the replication fork
• single-strand DNA-binding protein purpose Answer: binds to a single-
stranded DNA exposed by DNA helices, preventing base pairs from re-
forming before the lagging strand can be replicated
, • DNA topoisomerase purpose Answer: produces transient nicks in the
DNA backbone to relieve the tension built up by the unwinding of DNA
ahead of the DNA helices
• sliding clamp purpose Answer: keeps DNA polymerase attached to the
template, allowing the enzyme to move along without falling off as it
synthesized new DNA
• clamp loader purpose Answer: uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to
lock the sliding clamp onto DNA
• primase purpose Answer: synthesized RNA primers along the lagging-
strand template
• DNA ligase purpose Answer: uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to
join Okazaki fragments made on the lagging-strand template
• what does telomerase do? Answer: replicate the ends of eukaryotic
chromosomes
• messenger RNA (mRNA) function Answer: code for proteins
• ribosomal RNA (rRNA) function Answer: form the core of the
ribosome's structure and catalyze protein synthesize
• micro RNAs (miRNAs) function Answer: regulate gene expression
Biology Latest Update Questions
and 100% Verified Answers
• what does the structure of DNA provide? Answer: mechanism for
heredity
• what does a DNA molecule consists of? Answer: two complementary
chains of nucleotides
• what are the building blocks of DNA? Answer: sugar, phosphate, and
base
• what holds the base pairs together in double-stranded DNA? Answer:
hydrogen bond
• what are nucleosomes the basic unit of? Answer: eukaryotic
chromosome structure
• what do chromosomes do? Answer: organize and carry genetic info
• what are specialized DNA sequences required for? Answer: DNA
replication and chromosome segregation
,• what do interphase chromosomes contain? Answer: highly condensed
and more extended forms of chromatin
• what does base-pairing enable? Answer: DNA replication
• where does DNA synthesis begin? Answer: at replication origins
• how many replication forks form at each replication origin? Answer: 2
• what synthesized DNA using a parental strand as a temple Answer:
DNA polymerase
• short lengths of RNA act as? Answer: primers for DNA synthesis
• DNA polymerase purpose Answer: catalyzed the addition of
nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing strand of DNA using a parental
DNA strand as a template
• DNA helicase purpose Answer: uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to
unwind the DNA double helix ahead of the replication fork
• single-strand DNA-binding protein purpose Answer: binds to a single-
stranded DNA exposed by DNA helices, preventing base pairs from re-
forming before the lagging strand can be replicated
, • DNA topoisomerase purpose Answer: produces transient nicks in the
DNA backbone to relieve the tension built up by the unwinding of DNA
ahead of the DNA helices
• sliding clamp purpose Answer: keeps DNA polymerase attached to the
template, allowing the enzyme to move along without falling off as it
synthesized new DNA
• clamp loader purpose Answer: uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to
lock the sliding clamp onto DNA
• primase purpose Answer: synthesized RNA primers along the lagging-
strand template
• DNA ligase purpose Answer: uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to
join Okazaki fragments made on the lagging-strand template
• what does telomerase do? Answer: replicate the ends of eukaryotic
chromosomes
• messenger RNA (mRNA) function Answer: code for proteins
• ribosomal RNA (rRNA) function Answer: form the core of the
ribosome's structure and catalyze protein synthesize
• micro RNAs (miRNAs) function Answer: regulate gene expression
