PHARM 2 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
components of CNS - Answers brain and spinal cord
components of peripheral NS - Answers cranial nerves and spinal nerves
components of ANS - Answers sympathetic and parasympathetic
components of somatic nervous system - Answers skeletal muscles
nervous system pathways - Answers afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)
action potential effects on neuron - Answers excite, inhibit, modify sensitivity
function of neuron depends on - Answers protein enzymes and receptor binding capacity
what causes CNS depression and decreases neuron transmission - Answers hypoxia and acidosis
what increases neuron transmission - Answers alkalosis
slow acting neurotransmitters - Answers ACTH, corticotropin, ADH
what does suffix "ergic" mean - Answers acts like or activated/produced by
major neurotransmitters - Answers Serotonin (serotonergic)
dopamine (dopaminergic)
acetylcholine (cholinergic)
norepinephrine (noradrenergic)
GABA (GABAergic)
main neurotransmitters of ANS - Answers SNAP - fight or flight
Sympathetic (norepinephrine, adrenergic fibers)
Parasympathetic (Acetylcholine, cholinergic fibers)
Sympathetic response - Answers fight or flight
norepinephrine released at adrenergic nerve endings
increase BP/CO/blood flow to organs/O2/blood sugar
Parasympathetic nervous system response - Answers Rest and digest (75% vagus nerve)
Regulated by ACh
Dilation of blood vessels, decrease HR, increase digestion (secretions), constrict pupils, muscle,
bladder
Types of ACh receptors - Answers Nicotinic: release of epinephrine (fight), nicotine, related to
schizophrenia
Muscarinic: parasympathetic response (rest and digest)
Brain change with age - Answers less neurons, atrophy of brain, plaque, decreased myelin
Basic mechanism of neuron - Answers Synaptic transmission (action of most drugs)
Axonal conduction
Five ways drugs affect synaptic transmission - Answers Transmitter
synthesis/storage/release/transmission
Receptor binding
How nervous system drugs work - Answers affect receptors and target cell
What is an agonist - Answers bind to receptor and causes activation (morphine)
What is an antagonist - Answers binds to receptor and blocks activation (naloxone blocks morphine)
physiology of peripheral nervous system - Answers Somatic motor (voluntary movement)
Autonomic (involuntary activity, para/sympathetic)
Parasympathetic nervous system effects - Answers "rest and digest"
lower HR, increase secretions (GI), near focus, bronchial constriction
Sympathetic nervous system effects - Answers "fight or flight"
cardiovascular: increase HR and BP, blood to organs
bronchial dilation, glycogen converted to glucose for energy
Feedback loop of ANS - Answers Maintains homeostasis
Afferent and efferent nerves
ANS pathways through other NS - Answers PNS (two neurons and pathway)
SNS (PNS + an extra)
Somatic (one motor neuron from muscle)
Neurotransmitters of PNS - Answers ACh
Neurotransmitters of SNS - Answers norepinephrine and epinephrine (activates adrenal medulla)
Cholinergic (ACh) receptor subtypes - Answers nicotinic n, nicotinic m, muscarinic
Adrenergic (epi) receptor subtypes - Answers alpha 1/2 and beta 1/2, dopamine
review nicotinic n - Answers cholinergic (ACh) subtype
components of CNS - Answers brain and spinal cord
components of peripheral NS - Answers cranial nerves and spinal nerves
components of ANS - Answers sympathetic and parasympathetic
components of somatic nervous system - Answers skeletal muscles
nervous system pathways - Answers afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)
action potential effects on neuron - Answers excite, inhibit, modify sensitivity
function of neuron depends on - Answers protein enzymes and receptor binding capacity
what causes CNS depression and decreases neuron transmission - Answers hypoxia and acidosis
what increases neuron transmission - Answers alkalosis
slow acting neurotransmitters - Answers ACTH, corticotropin, ADH
what does suffix "ergic" mean - Answers acts like or activated/produced by
major neurotransmitters - Answers Serotonin (serotonergic)
dopamine (dopaminergic)
acetylcholine (cholinergic)
norepinephrine (noradrenergic)
GABA (GABAergic)
main neurotransmitters of ANS - Answers SNAP - fight or flight
Sympathetic (norepinephrine, adrenergic fibers)
Parasympathetic (Acetylcholine, cholinergic fibers)
Sympathetic response - Answers fight or flight
norepinephrine released at adrenergic nerve endings
increase BP/CO/blood flow to organs/O2/blood sugar
Parasympathetic nervous system response - Answers Rest and digest (75% vagus nerve)
Regulated by ACh
Dilation of blood vessels, decrease HR, increase digestion (secretions), constrict pupils, muscle,
bladder
Types of ACh receptors - Answers Nicotinic: release of epinephrine (fight), nicotine, related to
schizophrenia
Muscarinic: parasympathetic response (rest and digest)
Brain change with age - Answers less neurons, atrophy of brain, plaque, decreased myelin
Basic mechanism of neuron - Answers Synaptic transmission (action of most drugs)
Axonal conduction
Five ways drugs affect synaptic transmission - Answers Transmitter
synthesis/storage/release/transmission
Receptor binding
How nervous system drugs work - Answers affect receptors and target cell
What is an agonist - Answers bind to receptor and causes activation (morphine)
What is an antagonist - Answers binds to receptor and blocks activation (naloxone blocks morphine)
physiology of peripheral nervous system - Answers Somatic motor (voluntary movement)
Autonomic (involuntary activity, para/sympathetic)
Parasympathetic nervous system effects - Answers "rest and digest"
lower HR, increase secretions (GI), near focus, bronchial constriction
Sympathetic nervous system effects - Answers "fight or flight"
cardiovascular: increase HR and BP, blood to organs
bronchial dilation, glycogen converted to glucose for energy
Feedback loop of ANS - Answers Maintains homeostasis
Afferent and efferent nerves
ANS pathways through other NS - Answers PNS (two neurons and pathway)
SNS (PNS + an extra)
Somatic (one motor neuron from muscle)
Neurotransmitters of PNS - Answers ACh
Neurotransmitters of SNS - Answers norepinephrine and epinephrine (activates adrenal medulla)
Cholinergic (ACh) receptor subtypes - Answers nicotinic n, nicotinic m, muscarinic
Adrenergic (epi) receptor subtypes - Answers alpha 1/2 and beta 1/2, dopamine
review nicotinic n - Answers cholinergic (ACh) subtype
