Federal Law Enforcement Agencies - Answers U.S. government agencies whose primary responsibility
is to enforce federal criminal laws and may conduct investigations, execute warrants, make arrests,
and carry firearms.
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) - Answers Federal agency that protects the U.S. from terrorist
and foreign intelligence threats, enforces federal laws, runs CODIS, operates a major crime lab in
Quantico, and provides training through the National Academy.
CODIS - Answers Combined DNA Index System operated by the FBI to store and compare DNA
profiles.
FBI Counterterrorism Division - Answers Division that collects, analyzes, and shares intelligence to
prevent terrorism.
Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) - Answers Multiagency teams led by the FBI to investigate and
prevent terrorism.
Flying Squads - Answers FBI teams that provide counterterrorism expertise, language skills, and
analytic support.
Centralized State Police Model - Answers Combines highway patrol and major criminal investigations
into one agency.
Decentralized State Police Model - Answers Separates traffic enforcement and other law
enforcement duties into multiple agencies.
Local Law Enforcement Agencies - Answers Municipal police, sheriff's offices, and specialized agencies
(like campus police).
Sheriff - Answers Elected chief law enforcement officer of a county.
Private Protective Services - Answers Independent or proprietary organizations that provide security
services for a fee.
ASIS International - Answers Major international organization for private security professionals.
Fusion Centers - Answers Multiagency facilities that collect, analyze, and share intelligence
information.
Interpol - Answers International organization that shares information about crimes and suspects
across national borders.
Europol - Answers Law enforcement agency that improves cooperation among European Union
member states.
Evidence-Based Policing (EBP) - Answers Use of research and data to guide police practices and
improve effectiveness.
LEAA (Law Enforcement Assistance Administration) - Answers Federal agency (1968-1982) that
helped develop evidence-based policing.
CompStat - Answers Crime analysis and management system that identifies crime patterns and
hotspots.
CrimeStat - Answers Software that analyzes spatial crime data.
ShotSpotter - Answers Technology that detects gunshots and alerts police to their location.
Broken Windows Theory - Answers Idea that visible disorder leads to more serious crime if not
addressed.
Police-Community Relations (PCR) - Answers Efforts to build trust and cooperation between police
and communities.
Team Policing - Answers Strategy assigning officers to fixed areas to build familiarity and solve
problems locally.
Community Policing - Answers Partnership between police and community to prevent crime and
solve problems.
Strategic Policing - Answers Expands crime-fighting focus using innovative techniques.
Problem-Solving Policing - Answers Identifies and addresses underlying causes of crime.
Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS) - Answers Chicago's community policing program started
in 1993.
Political Era - Answers 1840s-1930s; police closely tied to political officials.
Reform Era - Answers 1930s-1970s; focus on professionalism and crime fighting.
Community Policing Era - Answers Modern era focused on partnerships with communities.
Homeland Security Era - Answers Focus on terrorism prevention and national security.
Watchman Style - Answers Order maintenance approach common in lower-class communities.