PSY 110 EXAM 2 (NAUTA FALL 2021) ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY QUESTIONS ANSWERED
CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Neutral stimulus - Answers stimulus that does not initially elicit a response
Unconditioned stimulus - Answers stimulus that initially elicits a response
Unconditioned response - Answers reflexive response to Unconditioned Stimulus
Conditioned stimulus - Answers former stimulus
Conditioned response - Answers response elicited by Conditioned Stimulus
Extinction - Answers "Unlearn" a classically conditioned association
Spontaneous recovery - Answers after extinction, the CR re-emerges from 'out of the blue'
Stimulus generalization - Answers CR elicited by stimuli that are similar to the original CS (ex: dog
salivate when see Pavlov and others who look like Pavlov)
Stimulus discrimination - Answers opposite of generalization (ex: dogs salivate for circle, not oval)
Law on effect - Answers any behavior that leads to a 'satisfying state of affairs' is likely to occur again,
and any behaviors the lead to an 'annoying state of affairs' is less likely to occur again.
Primary reinforcer - Answers is learned through biological evolution to satisfy needs
Secondary reinforcer - Answers does not satisfy biological needs but is learned through classical
conditioning
Positive reinforcement - Answers giving something the subject likes (reward)
Negative reinforcement - Answers taking away something the subject dislikes (reward)
Positive punishment - Answers giving something the subject dislikes (punish)
Negative punishment - Answers taking away something the subject likes (punish)
(Observational learning) Attention - Answers observer must pay attention to the model
(Observational learning) Retention - Answers observer must retain what they observed
(Observational learning) Motor ability - Answers observer must be capable of reproducing behavior,
(Observational learning) Reward process - Answers any reinforcement/ punishment model receives
must also be relevant to the observer (this is related to Operant Learning)
Encoding - Answers making the memory
Storage - Answers maintaining the memory
Retrieval - Answers getting info out of the memory
Sensory memory - Answers creates perceptual continuity for the world around us, up to a few
seconds
Short term memory - Answers maintains information for immediate use, about 20 seconds
Long term memory - Answers stores information for re-access and use later, probably unlimited
Working memory - Answers An active processing system that allows manipulation of different types
of information to keep it available for current use.
Levels of processing - Answers the more deeply an item is processed during encoding, the more
meaning it has and the better it is remembered
Primacy effects - Answers people have a good memory for items at the beginning of a list
Recency effects - Answers people have a good memory for items at the end of a list
Schemas - Answers existing knowledge about an object or event/ ways of structuring memories in
long-term storage that help us perceive, organize, process, and use information
Phonemic - Answers attend to auditory characteristics
Semantic - Answers attend to meaning
Retrograde - Answers a condition in which people lose the ability to access old memories they had
before a brain injury
Anterograde - Answers a condition in which people lose the ability to form new memories after
experiencing a brain injury
Proactive - Answers earlier info interferes with memory for new info (Ex: old password makes new
one difficult to learn)
Retroactive - Answers new info interferes with memory for old info (Ex: new phone number replaces
memory for old phone number)
Implicit/ nondeclarative memories - Answers does not require conscious effort and often cannot be
verbally described
Explicit/ declarative - Answers requires conscious effort and often can be verbally described
Semantic - Answers under explicit, facts and knowledge
Episodic - Answers under explicit, personally experienced events
CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026
Neutral stimulus - Answers stimulus that does not initially elicit a response
Unconditioned stimulus - Answers stimulus that initially elicits a response
Unconditioned response - Answers reflexive response to Unconditioned Stimulus
Conditioned stimulus - Answers former stimulus
Conditioned response - Answers response elicited by Conditioned Stimulus
Extinction - Answers "Unlearn" a classically conditioned association
Spontaneous recovery - Answers after extinction, the CR re-emerges from 'out of the blue'
Stimulus generalization - Answers CR elicited by stimuli that are similar to the original CS (ex: dog
salivate when see Pavlov and others who look like Pavlov)
Stimulus discrimination - Answers opposite of generalization (ex: dogs salivate for circle, not oval)
Law on effect - Answers any behavior that leads to a 'satisfying state of affairs' is likely to occur again,
and any behaviors the lead to an 'annoying state of affairs' is less likely to occur again.
Primary reinforcer - Answers is learned through biological evolution to satisfy needs
Secondary reinforcer - Answers does not satisfy biological needs but is learned through classical
conditioning
Positive reinforcement - Answers giving something the subject likes (reward)
Negative reinforcement - Answers taking away something the subject dislikes (reward)
Positive punishment - Answers giving something the subject dislikes (punish)
Negative punishment - Answers taking away something the subject likes (punish)
(Observational learning) Attention - Answers observer must pay attention to the model
(Observational learning) Retention - Answers observer must retain what they observed
(Observational learning) Motor ability - Answers observer must be capable of reproducing behavior,
(Observational learning) Reward process - Answers any reinforcement/ punishment model receives
must also be relevant to the observer (this is related to Operant Learning)
Encoding - Answers making the memory
Storage - Answers maintaining the memory
Retrieval - Answers getting info out of the memory
Sensory memory - Answers creates perceptual continuity for the world around us, up to a few
seconds
Short term memory - Answers maintains information for immediate use, about 20 seconds
Long term memory - Answers stores information for re-access and use later, probably unlimited
Working memory - Answers An active processing system that allows manipulation of different types
of information to keep it available for current use.
Levels of processing - Answers the more deeply an item is processed during encoding, the more
meaning it has and the better it is remembered
Primacy effects - Answers people have a good memory for items at the beginning of a list
Recency effects - Answers people have a good memory for items at the end of a list
Schemas - Answers existing knowledge about an object or event/ ways of structuring memories in
long-term storage that help us perceive, organize, process, and use information
Phonemic - Answers attend to auditory characteristics
Semantic - Answers attend to meaning
Retrograde - Answers a condition in which people lose the ability to access old memories they had
before a brain injury
Anterograde - Answers a condition in which people lose the ability to form new memories after
experiencing a brain injury
Proactive - Answers earlier info interferes with memory for new info (Ex: old password makes new
one difficult to learn)
Retroactive - Answers new info interferes with memory for old info (Ex: new phone number replaces
memory for old phone number)
Implicit/ nondeclarative memories - Answers does not require conscious effort and often cannot be
verbally described
Explicit/ declarative - Answers requires conscious effort and often can be verbally described
Semantic - Answers under explicit, facts and knowledge
Episodic - Answers under explicit, personally experienced events
