MSU BIO 212 Exam 1 Questions With
Correct Answers
Microbiology - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A branch of biology dealing especially with
| | | | | | | | | |
microscopic forms of life (as bacteria, protozoans, viruses, and fungi).
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Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus;
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prokaryotes, cell walls contain peptidoglycan
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Algae - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-eukaryotic organisms that convert the sun's energy
| | | | | | | | |
into food through photosynthesis
| | | |
Protozoa - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-one-celled organisms that are eukaryotic
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Helminths - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-multicellular parasitic organisms commonly
| | | | | | |
called worms or flukes
| | |
fingi - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Eukaryotic organisms that exist as mold or yeast
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Viruses - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-tiny particles, smaller than bacteria and other
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pathogens, non-living, cannot reproduce on their own
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Pathogen - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Any agent such as a virus, bacterium, a fungus,
| | | | | | | | | | |
protozoan, or helminth that causes disease.
| | | | | |
,Robert Hooke - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-First observations of microbes in the
| | | | | | | | | |
1600's
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-made a crude
| | | | | | | | |
microscope to examine threads in fabrics. Drew "Animalcules" he scraped from
| | | | | | | | | | |
his teeth
|
Edward Jenner - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Developed a vaccine for smallpox in 1796
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Ferdinand Cohn - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-discovered endospores
| | | | |
Pasteur - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-disproved spontaneous generation, invented
| | | | | | |
pasteurization, showed human diseases could arise from infection.
| | | | | | |
Robert Koch - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-verified germ theory through a series of
| | | | | | | | | | |
proofs, Koch's postulates.
| |
Joseph Lister - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-first to utilize hand washing and misting
| | | | | | | | | | |
operating rooms with antiseptic chemicals.
| | | |
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes and Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
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Showed that women became infected in the maternity ward after examinations
| | | | | | | | | | |
by physicians who had been working in the autopsy rooms
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nomenclature - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-naming system | | | |
,Strain or Serovar - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-all cells are descendants from a single
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isolated organism |
prokaryotic cell - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A type of cell lacking a membrane-
| | | | | | | | | |
enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains
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Bacteria and Archaea. about 10x smaller than eukaryotic cells
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Eukaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Contain a nucleus and other organelles
| | | | | | | | | |
that are bound by membranes.
| | | |
Parasites - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-An organism that lives in or on another
| | | | | | | | | | |
organism, deriving nourishment at the expense of its host, usually without killing
| | | | | | | | | | | |
it
Taxonomy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The scientific study of how living things are
| | | | | | | | | | |
classified
mixed culture - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A container growing two or more
| | | | | | | | | |
different, known species of microbes.
| | | |
contaminated culture - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A culture that was once pure or
| | | | | | | | | | |
mixed that now contains unwanted microbes of uncertain identity
| | | | | | | |
Four main biochemicals - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-lipids, carbohydrates, proteins,
| | | | | | | |
nucleic acid |
, Basic (cationic) stains - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-have a positive charge, attracted to
| | | | | | | | | |
the acidic (negative) charged compounds on bacterial cell walls
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Acidic (anionic) stains - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-has a neg. charge, repelled by
| | | | | | | | | | |
acidic negative charged components on a bacterial cell wall
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Positive stains - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-cationic dye attracted to neg. cell wall
| | | | | | | | | | |
sticks to cell to give it color
| | | | | |
Negative stains - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-anionic dye, repelled by neg. cell wall
| | | | | | | | | | |
produces black background around the cells
| | | | |
inorganic chemicals - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-molecules that lack the basic
| | | | | | | | |
framework of the elements of carbon and hydrogen
| | | | | | |
organic chemicals - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Molecules that contain the basic
| | | | | | | | |
framework of the elements carbon and hydrogen.
| | | | | |
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-long hydrocarbon chains that are hydrophobic
| | | | | | | |
ester linkage - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-found on the phospholipids of bacteria and
| | | | | | | | | | |
Eukarya.
ether linkage - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-found on the phospholipids of Archaea
| | | | | | | | |
Correct Answers
Microbiology - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A branch of biology dealing especially with
| | | | | | | | | |
microscopic forms of life (as bacteria, protozoans, viruses, and fungi).
| | | | | | | | |
Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus;
| | | | | | | | |
prokaryotes, cell walls contain peptidoglycan
| | | |
Algae - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-eukaryotic organisms that convert the sun's energy
| | | | | | | | |
into food through photosynthesis
| | | |
Protozoa - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-one-celled organisms that are eukaryotic
| | | | | | |
Helminths - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-multicellular parasitic organisms commonly
| | | | | | |
called worms or flukes
| | |
fingi - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Eukaryotic organisms that exist as mold or yeast
| | | | | | | | | |
Viruses - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-tiny particles, smaller than bacteria and other
| | | | | | | | | |
pathogens, non-living, cannot reproduce on their own
| | | | | |
Pathogen - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Any agent such as a virus, bacterium, a fungus,
| | | | | | | | | | |
protozoan, or helminth that causes disease.
| | | | | |
,Robert Hooke - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-First observations of microbes in the
| | | | | | | | | |
1600's
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-made a crude
| | | | | | | | |
microscope to examine threads in fabrics. Drew "Animalcules" he scraped from
| | | | | | | | | | |
his teeth
|
Edward Jenner - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Developed a vaccine for smallpox in 1796
| | | | | | | | | |
Ferdinand Cohn - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-discovered endospores
| | | | |
Pasteur - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-disproved spontaneous generation, invented
| | | | | | |
pasteurization, showed human diseases could arise from infection.
| | | | | | |
Robert Koch - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-verified germ theory through a series of
| | | | | | | | | | |
proofs, Koch's postulates.
| |
Joseph Lister - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-first to utilize hand washing and misting
| | | | | | | | | | |
operating rooms with antiseptic chemicals.
| | | |
Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes and Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | | | |
Showed that women became infected in the maternity ward after examinations
| | | | | | | | | | |
by physicians who had been working in the autopsy rooms
| | | | | | | | |
nomenclature - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-naming system | | | |
,Strain or Serovar - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-all cells are descendants from a single
| | | | | | | | | | | |
isolated organism |
prokaryotic cell - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A type of cell lacking a membrane-
| | | | | | | | | |
enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains
| | | | | | | | | |
Bacteria and Archaea. about 10x smaller than eukaryotic cells
| | | | | | | |
Eukaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Contain a nucleus and other organelles
| | | | | | | | | |
that are bound by membranes.
| | | |
Parasites - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-An organism that lives in or on another
| | | | | | | | | | |
organism, deriving nourishment at the expense of its host, usually without killing
| | | | | | | | | | | |
it
Taxonomy - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The scientific study of how living things are
| | | | | | | | | | |
classified
mixed culture - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A container growing two or more
| | | | | | | | | |
different, known species of microbes.
| | | |
contaminated culture - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A culture that was once pure or
| | | | | | | | | | |
mixed that now contains unwanted microbes of uncertain identity
| | | | | | | |
Four main biochemicals - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-lipids, carbohydrates, proteins,
| | | | | | | |
nucleic acid |
, Basic (cationic) stains - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-have a positive charge, attracted to
| | | | | | | | | |
the acidic (negative) charged compounds on bacterial cell walls
| | | | | | | | |
Acidic (anionic) stains - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-has a neg. charge, repelled by
| | | | | | | | | | |
acidic negative charged components on a bacterial cell wall
| | | | | | | |
Positive stains - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-cationic dye attracted to neg. cell wall
| | | | | | | | | | |
sticks to cell to give it color
| | | | | |
Negative stains - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-anionic dye, repelled by neg. cell wall
| | | | | | | | | | |
produces black background around the cells
| | | | |
inorganic chemicals - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-molecules that lack the basic
| | | | | | | | |
framework of the elements of carbon and hydrogen
| | | | | | |
organic chemicals - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Molecules that contain the basic
| | | | | | | | |
framework of the elements carbon and hydrogen.
| | | | | |
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-long hydrocarbon chains that are hydrophobic
| | | | | | | |
ester linkage - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-found on the phospholipids of bacteria and
| | | | | | | | | | |
Eukarya.
ether linkage - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-found on the phospholipids of Archaea
| | | | | | | | |
