BIOL 251 Final Exam Review 2025 – 90+ Verified
Questions & Answers |Human Anatomy & Physiology I
Course Overview
Course Code: BIOL 251
Course Title: Human Anatomy & Physiology I
Exam Type: Final Comprehensive Exam Review 2025
Status: Updated and Verified (2025 Edition)
Number of
Section Topic Area Questions
Section I Basic Anatomical Terminology & Organization 10
Section Chemistry of Life & Cellular
II Function 12
Section
III Tissue Types & Histology 10
Number of
Section Topic Area Questions
Section
IV Skeletal System & Bone Physiology 10
Section
V Muscular System 12
Section VI Nervous System 15
Section
Endocrine System 8
VII
Section
Homeostasis & Body Regulation 13
VIII
,Part I – Multiple Choice Questions (Sample Verified Q&A)
1. Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?
A. Body lying face down, arms at sides
B. Body standing erect, feet parallel, palms facing forward ✅
C. Body sitting upright with legs extended
D. Body facing sideways
2. The smallest structural and functional unit of life is the:
A. Tissue
B.Organ
C. Cell ✅
D.Molecule
3. Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production (ATP)
in the cell? A. Golgi apparatus
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondria ✅
D.Lysosome
4. Which plane divides the body into right and left halves?
A. Transverse plane
B. Frontal plane
C. Sagittal plane ✅
D. Coronal plane
,5. The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called:
A.Filtration
B.Osmosis ✅
C. Diffusion
D.Active transport
6. Which connective tissue stores energy, insulates the body, and protects
organs?
A. Areolar tissue
B. Adipose tissue ✅
C. Dense regular tissue
D. Reticular tissue
7. The axial skeleton includes all of the following except:
A.Skull
B. Vertebral column
C. Pelvic girdle ✅
D.Thoracic cage
8. The primary function of osteoclasts is:
A. Build new bone matrix
B. Destroy bone tissue ✅
C. Maintain bone tissue
D. Form cartilage
9. The sarcomere is the functional unit of:
A.Bone
B. Muscle ✅
C. Nerve
D.Skin
, 10. The neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle contraction is:
A.Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine ✅
C. Serotonin
D.Epinephrine
Part II – Short Answer / Conceptual Questions
11. Explain how negative feedback maintains homeostasis.
Answer: Negative feedback works by detecting changes in a physiological
variable and initiating responses that counteract the deviation from the normal
range (e.g., body temperature regulation).
12. List the four primary tissue types in the human
body. Answer: Epithelial, connective, muscle, and
nervous tissue ✅
13.Describe the difference between compact bone and spongy bone.
Answer: Compact bone is dense and forms the external layer of bones, while
spongy bone contains trabeculae and is found in the ends of long bones. ✅
14. Name the three types of muscle tissue and indicate whether they are
voluntary or involuntary.
Answer: Skeletal (voluntary), cardiac (involuntary), smooth (involuntary) ✅
15. What part of the neuron carries impulses away from the
cell body? Answer: The axon ✅
Questions & Answers |Human Anatomy & Physiology I
Course Overview
Course Code: BIOL 251
Course Title: Human Anatomy & Physiology I
Exam Type: Final Comprehensive Exam Review 2025
Status: Updated and Verified (2025 Edition)
Number of
Section Topic Area Questions
Section I Basic Anatomical Terminology & Organization 10
Section Chemistry of Life & Cellular
II Function 12
Section
III Tissue Types & Histology 10
Number of
Section Topic Area Questions
Section
IV Skeletal System & Bone Physiology 10
Section
V Muscular System 12
Section VI Nervous System 15
Section
Endocrine System 8
VII
Section
Homeostasis & Body Regulation 13
VIII
,Part I – Multiple Choice Questions (Sample Verified Q&A)
1. Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?
A. Body lying face down, arms at sides
B. Body standing erect, feet parallel, palms facing forward ✅
C. Body sitting upright with legs extended
D. Body facing sideways
2. The smallest structural and functional unit of life is the:
A. Tissue
B.Organ
C. Cell ✅
D.Molecule
3. Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production (ATP)
in the cell? A. Golgi apparatus
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondria ✅
D.Lysosome
4. Which plane divides the body into right and left halves?
A. Transverse plane
B. Frontal plane
C. Sagittal plane ✅
D. Coronal plane
,5. The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called:
A.Filtration
B.Osmosis ✅
C. Diffusion
D.Active transport
6. Which connective tissue stores energy, insulates the body, and protects
organs?
A. Areolar tissue
B. Adipose tissue ✅
C. Dense regular tissue
D. Reticular tissue
7. The axial skeleton includes all of the following except:
A.Skull
B. Vertebral column
C. Pelvic girdle ✅
D.Thoracic cage
8. The primary function of osteoclasts is:
A. Build new bone matrix
B. Destroy bone tissue ✅
C. Maintain bone tissue
D. Form cartilage
9. The sarcomere is the functional unit of:
A.Bone
B. Muscle ✅
C. Nerve
D.Skin
, 10. The neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle contraction is:
A.Dopamine
B. Acetylcholine ✅
C. Serotonin
D.Epinephrine
Part II – Short Answer / Conceptual Questions
11. Explain how negative feedback maintains homeostasis.
Answer: Negative feedback works by detecting changes in a physiological
variable and initiating responses that counteract the deviation from the normal
range (e.g., body temperature regulation).
12. List the four primary tissue types in the human
body. Answer: Epithelial, connective, muscle, and
nervous tissue ✅
13.Describe the difference between compact bone and spongy bone.
Answer: Compact bone is dense and forms the external layer of bones, while
spongy bone contains trabeculae and is found in the ends of long bones. ✅
14. Name the three types of muscle tissue and indicate whether they are
voluntary or involuntary.
Answer: Skeletal (voluntary), cardiac (involuntary), smooth (involuntary) ✅
15. What part of the neuron carries impulses away from the
cell body? Answer: The axon ✅
