ISBA 217 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

ISBA 217 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 information age - Answers The present time, during which infinite quantities of facts are widely available to anyone who can use a computer analytics - Answers the science of fact-based decision making big data - Answers a collection of large, complex data sets, including structured and unstructured data, which cannot be analyzed using traditional database methods and tools business analytics - Answers the scientific process of transforming data into insight for making better decisions business intelligence (BI) - Answers Information collected from multiple sources such as suppliers, customers, competitors, partners, and industries that analyzes patterns, trends, and relationships for strategic decision making business process - Answers a standardized set of activities that accomplish a specific task, such as processing a customer's order business strategy - Answers A leadership plan that achieves a specific set of goals or objectives business unit - Answers a segment of a company (such as accounting, production, marketing) representing a specific business function buyer power - Answers One of Porter's five forces; measures the ability of buyers to directly affect the price they are willing to pay for an item. chief automation officer - Answers determines if a person or business process can be replaced by a robot or software Chief Data Officer (CDO) - Answers responsible for determining the types of information the enterprise will capture, retain, analyze, and share Chief Information Officer (CIO) - Answers responsible for 1) overseeing all uses of MIS and 2) ensuring that MIS strategically aligns with business goals and objectives chief intellectual property officer - Answers manage and defend intellectual property, copyrights, and patents Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO) - Answers Responsible for collecting, maintaining, and distributing the organization's knowledge chief privacy officer - Answers responsible for ensuring the ethical and legal use of information within a company chief security officer - Answers responsible for ensuring the security of MIS systems and developing strategies and safeguards against attacks by hackers and viruses chief sustainability officer - Answers oversees the corporation's "environmental" programs such as helping adapt to climate change and reducing carbon emissions Chief Technology Officer (CTO) - Answers Responsible for ensuring the throughput, speed, accuracy, availability, and reliability for an organization's IT chief user experience officer - Answers creates the optimal relationship between user and technology competitive advantage - Answers a feature of a product or service on which customers place a greater value than they do on similar offerings from competitors competitive intelligence - Answers the process of gathering information about the competitive environment, including competitors' plans, activities, and products, to improve a company's ability to succeed data - Answers raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object data analyst - Answers Collects, queries, and consumes organizational data to uncover patterns and provide insights for strategic business decision making. data democratization - Answers the ability for information in a digital format to be accessible to the average end user data scientist - Answers extracts knowledge from data by performing statistical analysis, data mining, and advanced analytics on big data to identify trends, market changes, and other relevant information data silo - Answers occurs when one business unit is unable to freely communicate with other business units making it difficult or impossible for organizations to work cross-functionally --- ESSAY ON EXAM Descriptive Analytics - Answers Analytical techniques that describe past performance and history diagnostic analytics - Answers Examines data or content to answer the question, "Why did it happen?" digital value chain - Answers Digitizes work across primary and supporting activities. dynamic report - Answers a report that changes automatically during creation entry barrier - Answers A feature of a product or service that customers have come to expect and entering competitors must offer to survive fact - Answers the confirmation of validation of an event or object feedback - Answers information that returns to its original transmitter (input, transform, or output) and modifies the transmitter's actions first-mover advantage - Answers an advantage that occurs when a company can significantly increase its market share by being first to market with a competitive advantage goods - Answers material items or products that customers will buy to satisfy a want or need. clothing, groceries, cell phones, and cars are all examples of goods that people buy to fulfill their needs human-generated data - Answers data that humans, in interaction with computers, generate human-generated unstructured data - Answers includes text messages, social media data, and emails information - Answers Data converted into a meaningful and useful context internet of things (IoT) - Answers A world in which interconnected, Internet-enabled devices, or things, can collect and share data without human intervention. knowledge - Answers Skills, experience, and expertise coupled with information and intelligence that creates a person's intellectual resources knowledge assets - Answers the human, structural, and recorded resources available to the organization knowledge facilitator - Answers A person who helps harness the wealth of knowledge in the organization. knowledge workers - Answers individuals valued for their ability to interpret and analyze information loyalty program - Answers a program to reward customers based on spending Machine-generated data - Answers created by a machine without human intervention machine-generated unstructured data - Answers includes satellite images, scientific atmosphere data, and radar data Machine to Machine (M2M) - Answers devices that connect directly to other devices management information system (MIS) - Answers A business function, like accounting and human resources, which moves information about people, products, and processes across the company to facilitate decision-making and problem-solving MIS skills gap - Answers the difference between existing MIS workplace knowledge and the knowledge required to fulfill the business goals and strategies porter's five forces model - Answers A model for analyzing the competitive forces within the environment in which a company operates, to assess the potential for profitability in an industry. Porter's Three Generic Strategies - Answers generic business strategies that are neither organization nor industry specific and can be applied to any business, product, or service preDICTive analysis - Answers analytical techniques that extract information from data and use it to predict future trends and identify behavioral patterns preSCRIPTive analytics - Answers Analytical techniques that create models indicating the best decision to make or course of action to take. Primary Value Activities - Answers Found at the bottom of the value chain, these include business processes that acquire raw materials and manufacture, deliver, market, sell, and provide after-sales services. product differentiation - Answers an advantage that occurs when a company develops unique differences in its products with the intent to influence demand production - Answers the process by which a business processes raw materials or converts them into a finished product for its goods or services Productivity - Answers the rate at which goods and services are produced based on total output given total inputs report - Answers a document containing data organized in a table, matrix, or graphical format allowing users to easily comprehend and understand information rivalry among existing competitors - Answers One of Porter's five forces; high when competition is fierce in a market and low when competitors are more complacent. services - Answers tasks that customers will buy to satisfy a want or need snapshot - Answers a view of data at a particular moment in time stakeholder - Answers a person or group that has an interest or concern in an organization static report - Answers a report created once based on data that does not change structured data - Answers Data that has a defined length, type, and format and includes numbers, dates, or strings such as Customer Address. supplier power - Answers One of Porter's five forces; measures the suppliers' ability to influence the prices they charge for supplies (including materials, labor, and services). supply chain - Answers all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in obtaining raw materials or a product Support Value Activities - Answers Found along the top of the value chain and includes business processes, such as firm infrastructure, human resource management, technology development, and procurement, that support the primary value activities. switching costs - Answers costs that make customers reluctant to switch to another product or service SWOT analysis - Answers evaluates an organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to identify significant influences that work for or against business strategies system - Answers a collection of parts that link to achieve a common purpose systems thinking - Answers a way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple inputs being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering feedback on each part threat of new entrants - Answers One of Porter's five forces, high when it is easy for new competitors to enter a market and low when there are significant entry barriers to joining a market. Threat of substitute products or services - Answers One of Porter's five forces, high when there are many alternatives to a product or service and low when there are few alternatives from which to choose. unstructured data - Answers Data that is not defined and does not follow a specified format and is typically free-form text such as emails, Twitter tweets, and text messages Value Chain Analysis - Answers Views a firm as a series of business processes that each add value to the product or service value-added - Answers the term used to describe the difference between the cost of inputs and the value of price of outputs variable - Answers a data characteristic that stands for a value that changes or varies over time affinity bias - Answers A tendency to connect with, hire, and promote those with similar interests, experiences, or backgrounds. Algorithm - Answers mathematical formula placed in software that performs an analysis on a dataset analytical information - Answers Encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions. artificial intelligence (AI) - Answers Simulates human thinking and behavior such as the ability to reason and learn. as-is process model - Answers Represents the current state of the operation that has been mapped, without any specific improvements or changes to existing processes. augmented reality - Answers View of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it. automation - Answers Involves computerizing manual tasks, making them more efficient and effective and dramatically lowering operational costs. autonomous robotics - Answers A robot capable of making its own decisions and performing an action accordingly. bar chart - Answers A chart or graph that presents grouped data with rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values that they represent. benchmark - Answers baseline values the system seeks to attain benchmarking - Answers A process of continuously measuring system results, comparing those results to optimal system performance (benchmark values), and identifying steps and procedures to improve system performance. best practices - Answers The most successful solutions or problem-solving methods that have been developed by a specific organization or industry. bias - Answers A disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea or thing, usually in a way that is closed-minded, prejudicial, or unfair. Black Box Algorithms - Answers A decision-making process that cannot be easily understood or explained by the computer or the researcher. bottleneck - Answers Occurs when resources reach full capacity and cannot handle any additional demands; it limits throughput and impedes operations. business-facing processes - Answers Invisible to the external customer but essential to the effective management of the business; they include goal setting, day-to-day planning, giving performance feedback and rewards, and allocating resources. business process improvement - Answers Attempts to understand and measure the current process and make performance improvements accordingly. business process model - Answers A graphical description of a process, showing the sequence of process tasks, which is developed for a specific purpose and from a selected viewpoint. business process model and notation (BPMN) - Answers A graphical notation that depicts the steps in a business process. business process modeling (or mapping) - Answers The activity of creating a detailed flowchart or process map of a work process that shows its inputs, tasks, and activities in a structured sequence. business process patent - Answers A patent that protects a specific set of procedures for conducting a particular business activity. business process reengineering (BPR) - Answers The analysis and redesign of workflow within and between enterprises. confirmation bias - Answers actively looking for evidence that backs up preconceived ideas about someone conformity bias - Answers Acting similarly, or conforming to those around you, regardless of your own views. core processes - Answers Business processes, such as manufacturing goods, selling products, and providing service, that make up the primary activities in a value chain. critical success factors (CSFs) - Answers Crucial steps companies perform to achieve their goals and objectives and implement their strategies. customer-facing process - Answers Results in a product or service that is received by an organization's external customer. data augmentation - Answers Occurs when adding additional training examples by transforming existing examples. decision support system (DSS) - Answers Model information using OLAP, which provides assistance in evaluating and choosing among different courses of action. deep learning - Answers A process that employs specialized algorithms to model and study complex datasets; the method is also used to establish relationships among data and datasets. digital dashboard - Answers Tracks KPIs and CSFs by compiling information from multiple sources and tailoring it to meet user needs. digitization - Answers The automation of existing manual and paper-based processes and workflows to a digital format. dynamic process - Answers A continuously changing process used to provide business solutions to ever-changing business operations. effectiveness MIS metrics - Answers Measure the impact MIS has on business processes and activities, including customer satisfaction and customer conversion rates. efficiency MIS metrics - Answers Measure the performance of MIS itself, such as throughput, transaction speed, and system availability executive information system (EIS) - Answers A specialized DSS that supports senior-level executives and unstructured, long-term, nonroutine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight. expert system - Answers Computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems fuzzy logic - Answers A mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information. genetic algorithm - Answers An artificial intelligence system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem. granularity - Answers Refers to the level of detail in the model or the decision-making process. histogram - Answers A graphical display of data using bars of different heights. infographic (information graphic) - Answers A representation of information in a graphical format designed to make the data easily understandable at a glance. key perforce indicators (KPIs) - Answers Quantifiable metrics a company uses to evaluate progress toward critical success factors.