Pediatric Nursing Final Exam Test Bank 2026 – 150
Sample Questions and Answers NURS-PEDS-401 –
Pediatric Neurology, Renal Disorders &
Gastrointestinal Conditions – Chamberlain
University
Here are 150 sample questions and answers for the Chamberlain University NURS-PEDS-401
Pediatric Nursing Final Exam, based on 2026 test bank materials. These questions focus on
Pediatric Neurology, Renal Disorders, and Gastrointestinal Conditions, with additional coverage
of growth and development, respiratory conditions, and other key pediatric nursing topics .
Section 1: Renal Disorders (Questions 1-35)
1. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when assessing a child who has
been admitted to the hospital unit with a diagnosis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome
(MCNS)?
A. Hematuria, bacteriuria, and weight gain
B. Urine specific gravity decreased and urinary output increased
C. Gross hematuria, albuminuria, and fever
D. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema
Answer: D. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema
Rationale: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is characterized by massive proteinuria
due to increased glomerular permeability, leading to hypoalbuminemia. The low serum albumin
causes decreased oncotic pressure, resulting in edema. Hematuria is not a classic finding in
MCNS; it is more typical of glomerulonephritis .
2. Which is the appropriate nursing intervention when providing care to a child, diagnosed
with nephrotic syndrome, who is edematous and on bed rest?
A. Monitor blood pressure every 30 minutes
B. Reposition every 2 hours
,C. Limit visitors
D. Encourage fluids
Answer: B. Reposition every 2 hours
Rationale: The child with nephrotic syndrome who is edematous and on bed rest is at risk for
skin breakdown due to edema and immobility. Repositioning every 2 hours helps prevent
pressure injuries. Blood pressure monitoring is important but does not need to be every 30
minutes in a stable child .
3. Which urinalysis result should the nurse anticipate for a child who is admitted with acute
glomerulonephritis?
A. Bacteriuria and increased specific gravity
B. Hematuria and proteinuria
C. Proteinuria and decreased specific gravity
D. Bacteriuria and hematuria
Answer: B. Hematuria and proteinuria
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the glomeruli, which allows red
blood cells and protein to leak into the urine. Hematuria (often described as cola-colored) and
proteinuria are hallmark findings. Bacteriuria suggests infection, not glomerulonephritis .
4. A preschool-age child is admitted to the hospital with acute postinfectious
glomerulonephritis (APIGN). Which is the priority nursing diagnosis for this child?
A. Altered Growth and Development related to a chronic disease
B. Risk for Infection related to hypertension
C. Fluid Volume Excess related to decreased plasma filtration
D. Risk for Injury related to hypertension
Answer: D. Risk for Injury related to hypertension
Rationale: Hypertension is a common complication of acute glomerulonephritis due to fluid
overload and renin-angiotensin system activation. Severe hypertension can lead to hypertensive
encephalopathy, seizures, and other neurologic complications, making "Risk for Injury related to
hypertension" the priority. While fluid volume excess is present, the immediate safety risk is
from hypertension .
,5. Which laboratory tests should the nurse prepare to draw when admitting a pediatric client
with possible obstructive uropathy? Select all that apply.
A. Platelet count
B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
C. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
D. Blood culture
E. Creatinine
Answer: B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and E. Creatinine
Rationale: Obstructive uropathy can impair kidney function, leading to accumulation of waste
products. BUN and creatinine are the primary laboratory tests used to assess renal function.
Platelet count, PTT, and blood culture are not directly related to evaluating obstructive
uropathy .
6. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate upon assessment for a preschool-
age child with a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
A. Headache, hematuria, and vertigo
B. Foul-smelling urine, elevated blood pressure (BP), and hematuria
C. Urgency, dysuria, and fever
D. Severe flank pain, nausea, and headache
Answer: C. Urgency, dysuria, and fever
Rationale: Preschool-age children with UTIs typically present with classic lower urinary tract
symptoms including urgency (sudden strong need to urinate), dysuria (painful urination), and
fever. Young children may also exhibit abdominal pain or new onset of incontinence .
7. The nurse is preparing medication instruction for a child who has undergone a kidney
transplant and is prescribed cyclosporine. The parents ask the nurse about the reason for the
cyclosporine. Which rationale for this medication should the nurse include in the response?
A. Decrease pain
B. Improve circulation
C. Boost immunity
D. Suppress rejection
Answer: D. Suppress rejection
, Rationale: Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant medication used to prevent organ rejection
in transplant recipients. It works by inhibiting T-cell activation, thereby reducing the immune
response against the transplanted kidney .
8. Which menu choices for a child who is diagnosed with renal failure and experiencing
hyperkalemia indicate the need for further instruction by the nurse?
A. Carrots and green, leafy vegetables
B. Spaghetti and meat sauce with breadsticks
C. Bananas and oranges
D. Chicken sandwich with mayonnaise
Answer: C. Bananas and oranges
Rationale: Bananas and oranges are high-potassium foods and would be contraindicated in a
child with renal failure who is hyperkalemic. Hyperkalemia is a life-threatening complication of
renal failure, and dietary potassium must be restricted. Carrots and green leafy vegetables have
moderate potassium but are less concerning than bananas and oranges .
9. Which dietary instructions should be provided to the parent of a child who is in the early
stages of chronic renal failure? Select all that apply.
A. Restrict protein
B. Restrict sodium
C. Restrict phosphorus
D. Restrict carbohydrates
E. Restrict fats
Answer: A. Restrict protein, B. Restrict sodium, and C. Restrict phosphorus
Rationale: In chronic renal failure, the kidneys cannot adequately excrete waste products.
Protein restriction helps reduce the buildup of nitrogenous wastes. Sodium restriction helps
control hypertension and fluid overload. Phosphorus restriction helps prevent
hyperphosphatemia and subsequent renal bone disease. Carbohydrates and fats are needed for
energy and are not typically restricted .
10. The parent of a newborn with polycystic kidney disease asks the nurse, "What does this
mean for my baby?" Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
Sample Questions and Answers NURS-PEDS-401 –
Pediatric Neurology, Renal Disorders &
Gastrointestinal Conditions – Chamberlain
University
Here are 150 sample questions and answers for the Chamberlain University NURS-PEDS-401
Pediatric Nursing Final Exam, based on 2026 test bank materials. These questions focus on
Pediatric Neurology, Renal Disorders, and Gastrointestinal Conditions, with additional coverage
of growth and development, respiratory conditions, and other key pediatric nursing topics .
Section 1: Renal Disorders (Questions 1-35)
1. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate when assessing a child who has
been admitted to the hospital unit with a diagnosis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome
(MCNS)?
A. Hematuria, bacteriuria, and weight gain
B. Urine specific gravity decreased and urinary output increased
C. Gross hematuria, albuminuria, and fever
D. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema
Answer: D. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema
Rationale: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is characterized by massive proteinuria
due to increased glomerular permeability, leading to hypoalbuminemia. The low serum albumin
causes decreased oncotic pressure, resulting in edema. Hematuria is not a classic finding in
MCNS; it is more typical of glomerulonephritis .
2. Which is the appropriate nursing intervention when providing care to a child, diagnosed
with nephrotic syndrome, who is edematous and on bed rest?
A. Monitor blood pressure every 30 minutes
B. Reposition every 2 hours
,C. Limit visitors
D. Encourage fluids
Answer: B. Reposition every 2 hours
Rationale: The child with nephrotic syndrome who is edematous and on bed rest is at risk for
skin breakdown due to edema and immobility. Repositioning every 2 hours helps prevent
pressure injuries. Blood pressure monitoring is important but does not need to be every 30
minutes in a stable child .
3. Which urinalysis result should the nurse anticipate for a child who is admitted with acute
glomerulonephritis?
A. Bacteriuria and increased specific gravity
B. Hematuria and proteinuria
C. Proteinuria and decreased specific gravity
D. Bacteriuria and hematuria
Answer: B. Hematuria and proteinuria
Rationale: Acute glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the glomeruli, which allows red
blood cells and protein to leak into the urine. Hematuria (often described as cola-colored) and
proteinuria are hallmark findings. Bacteriuria suggests infection, not glomerulonephritis .
4. A preschool-age child is admitted to the hospital with acute postinfectious
glomerulonephritis (APIGN). Which is the priority nursing diagnosis for this child?
A. Altered Growth and Development related to a chronic disease
B. Risk for Infection related to hypertension
C. Fluid Volume Excess related to decreased plasma filtration
D. Risk for Injury related to hypertension
Answer: D. Risk for Injury related to hypertension
Rationale: Hypertension is a common complication of acute glomerulonephritis due to fluid
overload and renin-angiotensin system activation. Severe hypertension can lead to hypertensive
encephalopathy, seizures, and other neurologic complications, making "Risk for Injury related to
hypertension" the priority. While fluid volume excess is present, the immediate safety risk is
from hypertension .
,5. Which laboratory tests should the nurse prepare to draw when admitting a pediatric client
with possible obstructive uropathy? Select all that apply.
A. Platelet count
B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
C. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
D. Blood culture
E. Creatinine
Answer: B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and E. Creatinine
Rationale: Obstructive uropathy can impair kidney function, leading to accumulation of waste
products. BUN and creatinine are the primary laboratory tests used to assess renal function.
Platelet count, PTT, and blood culture are not directly related to evaluating obstructive
uropathy .
6. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate upon assessment for a preschool-
age child with a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
A. Headache, hematuria, and vertigo
B. Foul-smelling urine, elevated blood pressure (BP), and hematuria
C. Urgency, dysuria, and fever
D. Severe flank pain, nausea, and headache
Answer: C. Urgency, dysuria, and fever
Rationale: Preschool-age children with UTIs typically present with classic lower urinary tract
symptoms including urgency (sudden strong need to urinate), dysuria (painful urination), and
fever. Young children may also exhibit abdominal pain or new onset of incontinence .
7. The nurse is preparing medication instruction for a child who has undergone a kidney
transplant and is prescribed cyclosporine. The parents ask the nurse about the reason for the
cyclosporine. Which rationale for this medication should the nurse include in the response?
A. Decrease pain
B. Improve circulation
C. Boost immunity
D. Suppress rejection
Answer: D. Suppress rejection
, Rationale: Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant medication used to prevent organ rejection
in transplant recipients. It works by inhibiting T-cell activation, thereby reducing the immune
response against the transplanted kidney .
8. Which menu choices for a child who is diagnosed with renal failure and experiencing
hyperkalemia indicate the need for further instruction by the nurse?
A. Carrots and green, leafy vegetables
B. Spaghetti and meat sauce with breadsticks
C. Bananas and oranges
D. Chicken sandwich with mayonnaise
Answer: C. Bananas and oranges
Rationale: Bananas and oranges are high-potassium foods and would be contraindicated in a
child with renal failure who is hyperkalemic. Hyperkalemia is a life-threatening complication of
renal failure, and dietary potassium must be restricted. Carrots and green leafy vegetables have
moderate potassium but are less concerning than bananas and oranges .
9. Which dietary instructions should be provided to the parent of a child who is in the early
stages of chronic renal failure? Select all that apply.
A. Restrict protein
B. Restrict sodium
C. Restrict phosphorus
D. Restrict carbohydrates
E. Restrict fats
Answer: A. Restrict protein, B. Restrict sodium, and C. Restrict phosphorus
Rationale: In chronic renal failure, the kidneys cannot adequately excrete waste products.
Protein restriction helps reduce the buildup of nitrogenous wastes. Sodium restriction helps
control hypertension and fluid overload. Phosphorus restriction helps prevent
hyperphosphatemia and subsequent renal bone disease. Carbohydrates and fats are needed for
energy and are not typically restricted .
10. The parent of a newborn with polycystic kidney disease asks the nurse, "What does this
mean for my baby?" Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
