PHYSICAL PHARMACY
MAXINE CORPUZ ALIPIO | BS PHARMACY 2A
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
● METABOLISM
WHY IS PHYSICAL PHARMACY RELEVANT? ● EXCRETION
PHYSICAL PHARMACY BIOPHARMACEUTICS
● This course involves an analysis of the ● Study of the factors influencing the
application of basic physicochemical principles bioavailability of a drug in humans and
and methodology. animals, and the information to optimize
● It is an area of pharmacy that deals with the therapeutic activity of a drug products.
quantitative and theoretic principle of science
as they apply to the practice of pharmacy PHYSICAL PHARMACY
● Deals with the physicochemical principles
WHY IMPORTANT? underlying the development of successful
DOSAGE FORM DESIGN dosage form
PREPARATION
REVIEW OF BASIC CONCEPTS
STABILIZATION
EVALUATION FUNDAMENTAL AND DERIVED DIMENSION
SIGNIFICANCE REFERENCE STANDARD
1. Attempts to integrate the factual knowledge of ● a fundamental unit relating each measurable
pharmacy through the development of broad quantity to some natural or artificial constant in
principles of its own the universe.
2. Aids the chemist and pharmacists to predict
the solubility, stability, compatibility and FUNDAMENTALS
biologic action of drug products
LENGTH
3. Development of new drugs and dosage forms
and improve various modes of administration MASS
TIME
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
● Branch of chemistry concerned with interaction DERIVED
and transformations of materials. AREA
● Unlike other branches, it deals with the ACCELERATION
principles of physics underlying all chemical VOLUME
interactions, seeking to measure, correlate,
FORCE
and explain the quantitative aspects of
reactions. DENSITY
PRESSURE
PHARMACEUTICS VELOCITY
1. Investigations of physical and chemical ENERGY
properties of drug molecules.
2. Design, fabrication, and evaluation of drug
delivery systems
3. Monitoring how drug products are absorbed, FUNDAMENTAL DIMENSIONS
distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the LENGTH
body
MASS
DOSAGE FORMS TIME
● Each of these is assigned as a definite unit and
PHYSICAL PHARMACY a reference standard
PHARMACOKINETICS
BIOPHARMACEUTICS 2 SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENT
DOSAGE FORMS 1. METRIC SYSTEM
● Art and science of formulation and ● Units: cm g sec
manufacture of dosage forms and drug ● Therefore known as the "cgs" system
delivery systems.
2. SI UNITS (Systeme Internationale)
PHARMACOKINETICS ● Units: m kg sec
● ABSORPTION ● another uniform set of units
● DISTRIBUTION
MCA♕
, ● Principle of force: The larger the mass of the
body and the greater acceleration, the greater
the force that one must exert
● It is directly proportional to the mass when
acceleration is constant
○ FORCE = Mass x Acceleration
● This proportionality is converted to an equality,
that is, to an equation or mathematical
expression involving an equal sign, according
LENGTH AND AREA to the laws of algebra, we write is as:
● LENGTH - is the measure of distance and the ○ CGS system: dyne or g.cm/sec2
reference standard is meter ■ dyne - force that imparts to as
○ Unit of length (metric): centimeter (cm) mass of 1g an acceleration of
● AREA - is the square of a length and has a 1cm/sec2
unit of square centimeter ○ Sl system: newton (N) – kg.m/sec2 -
VOLUME PRESSURE
● Derived from length ● it is defined as the force per unit area
● Originally defined in terms of liter meaning the ● it is usually given in atmosphere (atm) or in
"volume of a kilogram of water at 1 centimeter or milliliter per mercury.
atmospheric pressure and 4C temperature" ● Unit for Pressure: dyne/cm2
○ Reference standard: Cubic centimeter
(cm3) Formula (cgs):
○ Unit of measurement: milliliter (mL) ● Pressure = (p)(g)(h)
○ 1 cubic centimeter is equal to 1 Wherein:
milliliter. p = density of the liquid g/cm3
MASS g = acceleration of gravity 980.665 cm/sec2
● Is often expressed as the weight of the body h = height in cm of the column of liquid
● The laboratory apparatus used in weighing is
the balance Formula (metric):
○ Reference standard: Kilogram (kg) ● Pascal = N/m2
○ Unit of measurement: Gram (g) ● Wherein: N = newtons or Kg.m/s2
○ Mass is different from weight ● m2 = area
■ weight = (mass)(gravity)
Note:
1atm = 101325pa
DENSITY, SPECIFIC GRAVITY & SPECIFIC 1bar = 100000pa
VOLUME 1 dyne/cm2 = 0.1 pa
● DENSITY - is defined as a mass per unit
volume at a fixed temperature and pressure
○ CGS system: g/cm3 ● ENERGY - condition of a body that gives the
○ Sl system: kg/m3 capacity for doing work. Energy can be kinetic or
● SPECIFIC GRAVITY - pure number without potential
dimension ● HEAT - thermal equivalent of energy
○ Ratio of the density of substance to ● WORK - mechanical equivalent of energy
the density of water, the volume being
determined at the same temperature Unit of work and energy in CGS:
○ Also known as the ratio of the mass of Erg - (defined as the work done when a force of 1
a substance to the mass of an equal dyne acts through a distance of 1cm)
volume of water at 4C or at some ● 1 erg = (1dyne) (1cm)
specified temperature. ● 1 joule = 1 x 107 ergs
● Joule = N x m
erg is too small so it is replaced by joule
TEMPERATURE
● Unit: Degrees, Kelvin, Fahrenheit
CALCULATIONS INVOLVING DIMENSIONS
● RATIO AND PROPORTION are frequently
OTHER DIMENSIONS AND UNITS used in physical sciences for converting one
system to the other
FORCE ● Ex: If 1 calorie equals 4.18 joules. How many
● it is the push or pull calories are there in 3.00 joules?
● it is required to set the body in motion
MCA♕
MAXINE CORPUZ ALIPIO | BS PHARMACY 2A
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
● METABOLISM
WHY IS PHYSICAL PHARMACY RELEVANT? ● EXCRETION
PHYSICAL PHARMACY BIOPHARMACEUTICS
● This course involves an analysis of the ● Study of the factors influencing the
application of basic physicochemical principles bioavailability of a drug in humans and
and methodology. animals, and the information to optimize
● It is an area of pharmacy that deals with the therapeutic activity of a drug products.
quantitative and theoretic principle of science
as they apply to the practice of pharmacy PHYSICAL PHARMACY
● Deals with the physicochemical principles
WHY IMPORTANT? underlying the development of successful
DOSAGE FORM DESIGN dosage form
PREPARATION
REVIEW OF BASIC CONCEPTS
STABILIZATION
EVALUATION FUNDAMENTAL AND DERIVED DIMENSION
SIGNIFICANCE REFERENCE STANDARD
1. Attempts to integrate the factual knowledge of ● a fundamental unit relating each measurable
pharmacy through the development of broad quantity to some natural or artificial constant in
principles of its own the universe.
2. Aids the chemist and pharmacists to predict
the solubility, stability, compatibility and FUNDAMENTALS
biologic action of drug products
LENGTH
3. Development of new drugs and dosage forms
and improve various modes of administration MASS
TIME
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
● Branch of chemistry concerned with interaction DERIVED
and transformations of materials. AREA
● Unlike other branches, it deals with the ACCELERATION
principles of physics underlying all chemical VOLUME
interactions, seeking to measure, correlate,
FORCE
and explain the quantitative aspects of
reactions. DENSITY
PRESSURE
PHARMACEUTICS VELOCITY
1. Investigations of physical and chemical ENERGY
properties of drug molecules.
2. Design, fabrication, and evaluation of drug
delivery systems
3. Monitoring how drug products are absorbed, FUNDAMENTAL DIMENSIONS
distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the LENGTH
body
MASS
DOSAGE FORMS TIME
● Each of these is assigned as a definite unit and
PHYSICAL PHARMACY a reference standard
PHARMACOKINETICS
BIOPHARMACEUTICS 2 SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENT
DOSAGE FORMS 1. METRIC SYSTEM
● Art and science of formulation and ● Units: cm g sec
manufacture of dosage forms and drug ● Therefore known as the "cgs" system
delivery systems.
2. SI UNITS (Systeme Internationale)
PHARMACOKINETICS ● Units: m kg sec
● ABSORPTION ● another uniform set of units
● DISTRIBUTION
MCA♕
, ● Principle of force: The larger the mass of the
body and the greater acceleration, the greater
the force that one must exert
● It is directly proportional to the mass when
acceleration is constant
○ FORCE = Mass x Acceleration
● This proportionality is converted to an equality,
that is, to an equation or mathematical
expression involving an equal sign, according
LENGTH AND AREA to the laws of algebra, we write is as:
● LENGTH - is the measure of distance and the ○ CGS system: dyne or g.cm/sec2
reference standard is meter ■ dyne - force that imparts to as
○ Unit of length (metric): centimeter (cm) mass of 1g an acceleration of
● AREA - is the square of a length and has a 1cm/sec2
unit of square centimeter ○ Sl system: newton (N) – kg.m/sec2 -
VOLUME PRESSURE
● Derived from length ● it is defined as the force per unit area
● Originally defined in terms of liter meaning the ● it is usually given in atmosphere (atm) or in
"volume of a kilogram of water at 1 centimeter or milliliter per mercury.
atmospheric pressure and 4C temperature" ● Unit for Pressure: dyne/cm2
○ Reference standard: Cubic centimeter
(cm3) Formula (cgs):
○ Unit of measurement: milliliter (mL) ● Pressure = (p)(g)(h)
○ 1 cubic centimeter is equal to 1 Wherein:
milliliter. p = density of the liquid g/cm3
MASS g = acceleration of gravity 980.665 cm/sec2
● Is often expressed as the weight of the body h = height in cm of the column of liquid
● The laboratory apparatus used in weighing is
the balance Formula (metric):
○ Reference standard: Kilogram (kg) ● Pascal = N/m2
○ Unit of measurement: Gram (g) ● Wherein: N = newtons or Kg.m/s2
○ Mass is different from weight ● m2 = area
■ weight = (mass)(gravity)
Note:
1atm = 101325pa
DENSITY, SPECIFIC GRAVITY & SPECIFIC 1bar = 100000pa
VOLUME 1 dyne/cm2 = 0.1 pa
● DENSITY - is defined as a mass per unit
volume at a fixed temperature and pressure
○ CGS system: g/cm3 ● ENERGY - condition of a body that gives the
○ Sl system: kg/m3 capacity for doing work. Energy can be kinetic or
● SPECIFIC GRAVITY - pure number without potential
dimension ● HEAT - thermal equivalent of energy
○ Ratio of the density of substance to ● WORK - mechanical equivalent of energy
the density of water, the volume being
determined at the same temperature Unit of work and energy in CGS:
○ Also known as the ratio of the mass of Erg - (defined as the work done when a force of 1
a substance to the mass of an equal dyne acts through a distance of 1cm)
volume of water at 4C or at some ● 1 erg = (1dyne) (1cm)
specified temperature. ● 1 joule = 1 x 107 ergs
● Joule = N x m
erg is too small so it is replaced by joule
TEMPERATURE
● Unit: Degrees, Kelvin, Fahrenheit
CALCULATIONS INVOLVING DIMENSIONS
● RATIO AND PROPORTION are frequently
OTHER DIMENSIONS AND UNITS used in physical sciences for converting one
system to the other
FORCE ● Ex: If 1 calorie equals 4.18 joules. How many
● it is the push or pull calories are there in 3.00 joules?
● it is required to set the body in motion
MCA♕
