Endocrine Disorders Exam Questions And
Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Plus
Rationales 2025/2026 Q&A | Instant
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1. Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas?
A) Glucagon
B) Somatostatin
C) Insulin
D) Cortisol
Insulin is produced by pancreatic beta cells to lower blood glucose
levels.
2. A patient with type 1 diabetes presents with fruity breath,
polyuria, and confusion. What is the most likely condition?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
C) Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
D) Insulinoma
DKA occurs due to insulin deficiency leading to ketone formation,
causing fruity breath and metabolic acidosis.
3. Which lab value is most indicative of long-term glucose control in
diabetes?
A) Fasting glucose
B) Random glucose
C) Hemoglobin A1c
D) Serum insulin
HbA1c reflects average blood glucose over the past 2–3 months.
4. A patient has heat intolerance, weight loss, and tachycardia.
Which condition is likely?
,A) Hypothyroidism
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Hyperthyroidism
D) Cushing’s syndrome
Hyperthyroidism increases metabolism, leading to heat intolerance,
weight loss, and rapid heart rate.
5. What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide?
A) Thyroid cancer
B) Iodine deficiency
C) Pituitary adenoma
D) Graves’ disease
Iodine deficiency reduces thyroid hormone production, leading to
hypothyroidism.
6. A patient with Graves’ disease often exhibits:
A) Weight gain and cold intolerance
B) Exophthalmos and goiter
C) Bradycardia and constipation
D) Polyuria and polydipsia
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune hyperthyroid condition that can
cause eye protrusion (exophthalmos) and enlarged thyroid.
7. Which test differentiates between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
A) Oral glucose tolerance test
B) C-peptide level
C) Random glucose
D) HbA1c
C-peptide is low in type 1 diabetes due to beta cell destruction;
normal/high in type 2.
8. A patient presents with fatigue, cold intolerance, and
constipation. What is the likely diagnosis?
, A) Hyperthyroidism
B) Hypothyroidism
C) Addison’s disease
D) Cushing’s syndrome
Hypothyroidism decreases metabolism, causing these classic
symptoms.
9. Which is a hallmark lab finding in primary hyperthyroidism?
A) High TSH, low T3/T4
B) Low TSH, low T3/T4
C) Low TSH, high T3/T4
D) High TSH, high T3/T4
Primary hyperthyroidism is caused by overproduction of thyroid
hormone, suppressing TSH.
10. A patient with untreated type 2 diabetes is most at risk for:
A) Ketoacidosis
B) Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
C) Hypoglycemia
D) Addisonian crisis
HHS occurs in type 2 diabetes with severe hyperglycemia and
dehydration but minimal ketone production.
11. Which medication is first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes?
A) Metformin
B) Insulin
C) Sulfonylureas
D) GLP-1 agonists
Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production and improves
insulin sensitivity.
12. Which autoimmune disorder is commonly associated with type
1 diabetes?
Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Plus
Rationales 2025/2026 Q&A | Instant
Download Pdf
1. Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas?
A) Glucagon
B) Somatostatin
C) Insulin
D) Cortisol
Insulin is produced by pancreatic beta cells to lower blood glucose
levels.
2. A patient with type 1 diabetes presents with fruity breath,
polyuria, and confusion. What is the most likely condition?
A) Hypoglycemia
B) Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
C) Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
D) Insulinoma
DKA occurs due to insulin deficiency leading to ketone formation,
causing fruity breath and metabolic acidosis.
3. Which lab value is most indicative of long-term glucose control in
diabetes?
A) Fasting glucose
B) Random glucose
C) Hemoglobin A1c
D) Serum insulin
HbA1c reflects average blood glucose over the past 2–3 months.
4. A patient has heat intolerance, weight loss, and tachycardia.
Which condition is likely?
,A) Hypothyroidism
B) Diabetes mellitus
C) Hyperthyroidism
D) Cushing’s syndrome
Hyperthyroidism increases metabolism, leading to heat intolerance,
weight loss, and rapid heart rate.
5. What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide?
A) Thyroid cancer
B) Iodine deficiency
C) Pituitary adenoma
D) Graves’ disease
Iodine deficiency reduces thyroid hormone production, leading to
hypothyroidism.
6. A patient with Graves’ disease often exhibits:
A) Weight gain and cold intolerance
B) Exophthalmos and goiter
C) Bradycardia and constipation
D) Polyuria and polydipsia
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune hyperthyroid condition that can
cause eye protrusion (exophthalmos) and enlarged thyroid.
7. Which test differentiates between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
A) Oral glucose tolerance test
B) C-peptide level
C) Random glucose
D) HbA1c
C-peptide is low in type 1 diabetes due to beta cell destruction;
normal/high in type 2.
8. A patient presents with fatigue, cold intolerance, and
constipation. What is the likely diagnosis?
, A) Hyperthyroidism
B) Hypothyroidism
C) Addison’s disease
D) Cushing’s syndrome
Hypothyroidism decreases metabolism, causing these classic
symptoms.
9. Which is a hallmark lab finding in primary hyperthyroidism?
A) High TSH, low T3/T4
B) Low TSH, low T3/T4
C) Low TSH, high T3/T4
D) High TSH, high T3/T4
Primary hyperthyroidism is caused by overproduction of thyroid
hormone, suppressing TSH.
10. A patient with untreated type 2 diabetes is most at risk for:
A) Ketoacidosis
B) Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)
C) Hypoglycemia
D) Addisonian crisis
HHS occurs in type 2 diabetes with severe hyperglycemia and
dehydration but minimal ketone production.
11. Which medication is first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes?
A) Metformin
B) Insulin
C) Sulfonylureas
D) GLP-1 agonists
Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production and improves
insulin sensitivity.
12. Which autoimmune disorder is commonly associated with type
1 diabetes?
