Adult Health I Exam 1 Practice Questions With Complete
Solutions
A 10-year-old develops pneumonia. Physical exam reveals
subcostal and intercostal retractions. The child reports that
breathing is difficult with feelings that, "I cannot get enough
air." What term should the nurse use to document this condition?
a. Cyanosis
b. Dyspnea
c. Hyperpnea
d. Orthopnea Correct Answers b. Dyspnea
Dyspnea is defined as "a subjective experience of breathing
discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that
vary in intensity." Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration to the skin.
Hyperpnea is an increased ventilatory rate and orthopnea is
dyspnea that occurs when an individual lies flat.
A 10-year-old is brought to the ER with prolonged
bronchospasm and severe hypoxemia. The symptomology
supports which diagnosis?
a. Exercise-induced asthma
b. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
c. Status asthmaticus
d. Bronchiectasis Correct Answers c. status asthmaticus
When bronchospasm is not reversed by the usual measures, the
individual is considered to have severe bronchospasm or status
asthmaticus since exercise-induced asthma resolves. COPD is
,manifested by air trapping and hypercapnia, not by
bronchospasm. Bronchiectasis is manifested by bronchiolar
changes, not by bronchospasm.
A 30-year-old is diagnosed with emphysema. Changes in this
patient's lungs are caused by:
a. viral infections.
b. destruction of alveolar macrophages.
c. α1-antitrypsin deficiency.
d. fibrotic lung disease Correct Answers c. α1-antitrypsin
deficiency.
α1-Antitrypsin deficiency is suggested in individuals who
develop emphysema before 40 years of age; it is not due to viral
infections. Changes in the lungs are not associated with alveolar
macrophage destruction or with fibrotic lung disease.
A 40-year-old man tells the nurse he has a diagnosis for the
color and temperature changes of his limbs, but can't remember
the name of it. He says he must stop smoking and avoid trauma
and exposure of his limbs to cold temperatures to get better. This
description should allow the nurse to ask the patient if he has
which diagnosis?
A. Buerger's disease
B. Venous thrombosis
C. Acute arterial ischemiaD. Raynaud's phenomenon Correct
Answers A. Buerger's disease
,Buerger's disease is a nonatherosclerotic, segmental, recurrent
inflammatory disorder of small and medium-sized vascular
vessels of the upper and lower extremities, leading to color and
temperature changes of the limbs, intermittent claudication, rest
pain, and ischemic ulcerations. It primarily occurs in men
younger than 45 years old with a long history of tobacco or
marijuana use. Buerger's disease treatment includes smoking
cessation, trauma and cold temperature avoidance, and a
walking program. Venous thrombosis is the formation of a
thrombus in association with inflammation of the vein. Acute
arterial ischemia is a sudden interruption in arterial blood flow
to a tissue caused by embolism, thrombosis, or trauma.
Raynaud's phenomenon is characterized by vasospasm-induced
color changes of the fingers, toes, ears, and nose.
A 42-year-old service-counter worker undergoes sclerotherapy
for treatment of superficial varicose veins at an outpatient
center. Before discharging the patient, the nurse teaches the
patient that
a. sitting at the work counter, rather than standing, is
recommended.
b. compression stockings should be applied before getting out of
bed.
c. exercises such as walking or jogging cause recurrence of
varicosities.
d. taking one aspirin daily will help prevent clotting around
venous valves. Correct Answers b. compression stockings
should be applied before getting out of bed.
, Compression stockings are applied with the legs elevated to
reduce pressure in the lowerlegs. Walking is recommended to
prevent recurrent varicosities. Sitting and standing are both risk
factors for varicose veins and venous insufficiency. An aspirin a
day is not adequate to prevent venous thrombosis and would not
be recommended to the patient who had just had sclerotherapy.
A 50-year-old is diagnosed with lung cancer. The health history
includes a 30-year history of smoking, exposure to air pollution,
asbestos, and radiation. What had the greatest impact on the
development of his cancer?
a. Radiation
b. Cigarette smoke
c. Asbestos
d. Air pollution Correct Answers b. Cigarette smoke
A 55-year-old man weighs 115 kg and has a history of tobacco
use, high blood pressure, and a sedentary lifestyle. When
developing a plan of care for this patient, the nurse recalls that
the most important risk factor for peripheral artery disease
(PAD) includes which of these?
A. Tobacco use
B. Excess weight
C. Sedentary lifestyle
D. High blood pressure. Correct Answers A. Tobacco use
Significant risk factors for PAD include tobacco use, diabetes,
hyperlipidemia, elevated C-reactive protein, and uncontrolled
hypertension , with the most important being tobacco use.
Solutions
A 10-year-old develops pneumonia. Physical exam reveals
subcostal and intercostal retractions. The child reports that
breathing is difficult with feelings that, "I cannot get enough
air." What term should the nurse use to document this condition?
a. Cyanosis
b. Dyspnea
c. Hyperpnea
d. Orthopnea Correct Answers b. Dyspnea
Dyspnea is defined as "a subjective experience of breathing
discomfort that consists of qualitatively distinct sensations that
vary in intensity." Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration to the skin.
Hyperpnea is an increased ventilatory rate and orthopnea is
dyspnea that occurs when an individual lies flat.
A 10-year-old is brought to the ER with prolonged
bronchospasm and severe hypoxemia. The symptomology
supports which diagnosis?
a. Exercise-induced asthma
b. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
c. Status asthmaticus
d. Bronchiectasis Correct Answers c. status asthmaticus
When bronchospasm is not reversed by the usual measures, the
individual is considered to have severe bronchospasm or status
asthmaticus since exercise-induced asthma resolves. COPD is
,manifested by air trapping and hypercapnia, not by
bronchospasm. Bronchiectasis is manifested by bronchiolar
changes, not by bronchospasm.
A 30-year-old is diagnosed with emphysema. Changes in this
patient's lungs are caused by:
a. viral infections.
b. destruction of alveolar macrophages.
c. α1-antitrypsin deficiency.
d. fibrotic lung disease Correct Answers c. α1-antitrypsin
deficiency.
α1-Antitrypsin deficiency is suggested in individuals who
develop emphysema before 40 years of age; it is not due to viral
infections. Changes in the lungs are not associated with alveolar
macrophage destruction or with fibrotic lung disease.
A 40-year-old man tells the nurse he has a diagnosis for the
color and temperature changes of his limbs, but can't remember
the name of it. He says he must stop smoking and avoid trauma
and exposure of his limbs to cold temperatures to get better. This
description should allow the nurse to ask the patient if he has
which diagnosis?
A. Buerger's disease
B. Venous thrombosis
C. Acute arterial ischemiaD. Raynaud's phenomenon Correct
Answers A. Buerger's disease
,Buerger's disease is a nonatherosclerotic, segmental, recurrent
inflammatory disorder of small and medium-sized vascular
vessels of the upper and lower extremities, leading to color and
temperature changes of the limbs, intermittent claudication, rest
pain, and ischemic ulcerations. It primarily occurs in men
younger than 45 years old with a long history of tobacco or
marijuana use. Buerger's disease treatment includes smoking
cessation, trauma and cold temperature avoidance, and a
walking program. Venous thrombosis is the formation of a
thrombus in association with inflammation of the vein. Acute
arterial ischemia is a sudden interruption in arterial blood flow
to a tissue caused by embolism, thrombosis, or trauma.
Raynaud's phenomenon is characterized by vasospasm-induced
color changes of the fingers, toes, ears, and nose.
A 42-year-old service-counter worker undergoes sclerotherapy
for treatment of superficial varicose veins at an outpatient
center. Before discharging the patient, the nurse teaches the
patient that
a. sitting at the work counter, rather than standing, is
recommended.
b. compression stockings should be applied before getting out of
bed.
c. exercises such as walking or jogging cause recurrence of
varicosities.
d. taking one aspirin daily will help prevent clotting around
venous valves. Correct Answers b. compression stockings
should be applied before getting out of bed.
, Compression stockings are applied with the legs elevated to
reduce pressure in the lowerlegs. Walking is recommended to
prevent recurrent varicosities. Sitting and standing are both risk
factors for varicose veins and venous insufficiency. An aspirin a
day is not adequate to prevent venous thrombosis and would not
be recommended to the patient who had just had sclerotherapy.
A 50-year-old is diagnosed with lung cancer. The health history
includes a 30-year history of smoking, exposure to air pollution,
asbestos, and radiation. What had the greatest impact on the
development of his cancer?
a. Radiation
b. Cigarette smoke
c. Asbestos
d. Air pollution Correct Answers b. Cigarette smoke
A 55-year-old man weighs 115 kg and has a history of tobacco
use, high blood pressure, and a sedentary lifestyle. When
developing a plan of care for this patient, the nurse recalls that
the most important risk factor for peripheral artery disease
(PAD) includes which of these?
A. Tobacco use
B. Excess weight
C. Sedentary lifestyle
D. High blood pressure. Correct Answers A. Tobacco use
Significant risk factors for PAD include tobacco use, diabetes,
hyperlipidemia, elevated C-reactive protein, and uncontrolled
hypertension , with the most important being tobacco use.
